3. Overview of This Unit n Semiotics n Speech Codes Theory n Why Argue About Pointless Matters? n Why do we Misunderstand? n Nonverbal

4. Languages n Semiotics Signifier – the imageSignified – the idea Sign

5. Good luck finding them restrooms.

6. Ahh…just like any lady does….

7. Yes, ….. You -

8. But you can always try!!!

9. Damn those feminists!

11. Who doesn’t like that? Right, Men?

12. What a deck!

14. Beware….

15. Von Apetite!

16. Until they’re all gone please….

17. I wouldn’t call If I were you,

21. Entrance is absolutely free!

22. Indeed…Seriously

24. Please help us build more rubbish shelters...

25. Let us know if we can bring you further inconvenience.

26. The art of entering…

27. Be Productive

28. Four Freedoms

29. Be Productive

30. Security

33. Overview of This Unit n Semiotics n Speech Codes Theory n Why Argue About Pointless Matters? n Why do we Misunderstand? n Nonverbal

34. Speech Codes Theory n n Proposition 1: Wherever there is a distinctive culture, there is to be found a distinctive speech code. n n Proposition 2: A speech code involves a culturally distinct psychology, sociology, and rhetoric. n n Proposition 3: The significance of speaking depends on the speech codes used by speakers and listeners to create and interpret their communication. n n Proposition 4: The terms, rules, and premises of a speech code are inextricably woven into speaking itself. n n Proposition 5: The artful use of a shared speech code is a sufficient condition for predicting, explaining, and controlling the form of discourse about the intelligibility, prudence, and morality of communication conduct.

35. Overview of This Unit n Semiotics n Speech Codes Theory n Why Argue About Pointless Matters? n Why do we Misunderstand? n Nonverbal

36. Factual v. Verbal Disputes n Factual disputes involve propositions about facts and are settled only by getting more factual information n example: Dave: Lincoln was born in Indiana. I learned that in the third grade. Carl: No, he wasn’t. He was born in Kentucky. I says so in my college textbook.

37. Factual Dispute Examples n that two Soviet cosmonauts died in outer space in 1965 n that John F. Kennedy was shot by Lee Harvey Oswald n that the plurality of scientists has the aquarian astrological sign

38. Verbal Disputes n Verbal disputes involve statements that people think involve controversies over objects named by their words, when they really involve arguments about the words themselves n Cannot be resolved by investigating facts

39. Statements that Involve Verbal Disputes n Analytic statements, tautologies, and definitions: the meanings for words n Contradictions, paradoxes, and oxymorons n Attitude axioms n Metaphysical statements

40. Analytic Statements, Tautologies, and Definitions the meanings for words

41. Analytic Statements, Tautologies, and Definitions statements that assert that one term may be substituted for another the meanings for words

42. Analytic, Definition, and Tautology Proposition Examples n Samuel Clemens is Mark Twain n A yard is three feet long n The law is the law n All bachelors are unmarried

43. Standard for Verbal Disputes If no sense experience could verify or falsify a statement, then it is simply not about the world we experience with our five senses

44. Contradictions, Paradoxes, and Oxymorons n Contradiction: a statement that always must be false n Oxymoron: a contradiction in terms n Paradox: a statement that declares itself in contradiction

45. Contradictions and Oxymorons statements that must be false due to their very construction a noisy quiet fresh frozen jumbo shrimp anti-abortion protestors original copy

46. Paradoxes The statement in this square is false

47. Paradoxes Paradox of the Barber

48. Attitude Axioms statements that reveal how the speaker feels about things Example: The worst day of fishing is better than the best day of work I love what you do for me--Toyota

49. Metaphysical Statements n Statements about things that cannot be observed in this life n Examples: There is a God in heaven There is a God in heaven There is life after death There is life after death There are seven astral planes There are seven astral planes The Jones house is haunted The Jones house is haunted

50. Some Examples: Verbal or Factual? n Bigfoot exists n My Grandmother is in heaven. n All humans are born equal. n God created Himself. n “Nothing ever dies. Science tells us that. Nothing ever dies, it just changes form.” -- Shirley MacLaine n Abortion kills babies. n A: “The human embryo, even at the age of 14 days, has developed fingers and toes. My philosophy teacher told me that.” B: “That’s not true. At that point the embryo doesn’t even have limbs. You can look that up in any competent biology textbook.”

51. Overview of This Unit n Semiotics n Speech Codes Theory n Why Argue About Pointless Matters? n Why do we Misunderstand? n Nonverbal

52. We forget that: 1. Language creates a social reality Whorf-Sapir hypothesis Why Are There Misunderstandings?

53. We forget that: 2. Language is, by its very nature, incomplete the hazy claim ungrammatical incompleteness the incomplete comparison the non exclusive claim weasel words weasel words

54. We forget that: 3. Language reflects culture

55. Overview of This Unit n Semiotics n Speech Codes Theory n Why Argue About Pointless Matters? n Why do we Misunderstand? n Nonverbal

56. Categories of Nonverbal Cues n Proxemics Expectancy Violations Theory n Chronemics n Oculesics n Objectics

57. Hall’s Theory n Intimate n Personal n Social n Public

58. Expectancy Violations Theory nnEnnExpectancy. nnVnnViolation valence. nnCnnCommunicator reward valence.

59. Categories of Nonverbal Cues n Proxemics n Kinesics n Chronemics n Oculesics n Objectics

60. Chronemics n The use of time in communication n Pauses n Waiting and arrival time

61. Objectics n The n The use of objects in communication n Clothing n Objects n Objects in the home or in cars

62. Oculesics n The Use of Eyes in communication n Eye contact regulates conversation n Eye contact linked to persuasion n Eyes reveal much