2. Scientific Revolution - Refers to a time of great scientific discoveries & inventions in Europe during the 1500’s-1700’s

3.  Earth revolves around the sun  Book On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres  Heliocentric theory: › Sun is the center of the universe

4.  Preferred inductive reasoning and facts over theory  Invented the scientific method (credited along with Newton)

5. Invented the telescope, pendulum clock, thermometer, water pump. Used telescope to discover Jupiter, Saturn, & Venus.

6. The Principia Three Laws of Motion Defined gravity and its laws Invented optics and calculus

7. Leeuwenhoek: Used microscope to explore a drop of water

8.  Linneus: Classified all living things

10.  Machines/Inventions replaced work done by people and animals.  What can machines do that people cant? Or better yet, what do people and animals need that machines don’t?

11. › Factories were built near streams and rivers so they could be powered by water. › What problems could happen when relying on Wind and Water for power?

12. › In the 1700’s, steam engines were used to power machinery.

14.  Labor force: A need for workers

15.  In 1838, 75% of textile factory workers were women and children.

16.  Capitalism : Factories & business are privately owned.  Capitalism: System where countries allow citizens to run businesses and make decisions.

17.  Industrialization caused diseases and pollution.

18.  Many children worked 16 hour days under atrocious conditions, as their elders did. Laws began to regulate the work of children in factories and cotton mills to 12 hours per day by about 1819. › Soon it was suggested that children aged 11-18 be permitted to work a maximum of twelve hours per day; › children 9-11 were allowed to work 8 hour days; › and children under 9 were no longer permitted to work at all › In Iron and coal mines, children began work at age 5, and generally died before they were 25

19.  The treatment of children in factories was often cruel and the children's safety was generally neglected. › The youngest children, who were not old enough to work the machines, were commonly sent to be assistants to textile workers.  The people who the children served would beat them, verbally abuse them, and take no consideration for their safety.  One common punishment for being late or not working up to quota would be to be "weighted." › An overseer would tie a heavy weight to worker's neck, and have them walk up and down the factory aisles so the other children could see them and "take example.”

21.  France was in debt because of bad investments and war.  People were forced to pay heavy taxes.  Enlightenment formed new ideas about government

22.  Storming of the Bastille happened on July 14, 1789.  Revolts continued throughout the country which finally resulted in a new constitution.

23.  1791: New Constitution  In 1792 France became a republic.  King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette were beheaded due to treason.

24.  Reign of Terror: 17,000 people killed between 1793-1794

25.  Crowned himself as Emperor & took control of France.

27.  Summary – Enters army, rises thorough the ranks, and as general wins multiple battles  Named Emperor, and takes over more land  Loses to Russians  Quits job  Kicked out of Country

28.  Pride & loyalty for one’s own country. › Think of it as Patriotism on steroids