1. Rethinking newcomer and minority offending and victimization: beyond hate crimes … Metropolis Justice, Policing and Security Seminar: Building an Empirical Evidence February 25, 2008 Ottawa, Ontario Derek Janhevich Melanie Bania Ross Hastings

2. Main structure of the discussion paper … Outline current government sponsored efforts – General Social Survey on Victimization; Pilot Survey on police-reported hate crimes and changes to Uniform Crime Reporting Survey; Ethnic Diversity Survey Despite these efforts, concept of hate crime still problematic and much of the research has been largely descriptive and exploratory Need to take a broader stance to understand risk and protective factors The case of Toronto – guns, gangs, vulnerable groups and neighbourhoods

3. What we know and need to know …

4. Pulling the pieces together – a conceptual approach

5. Conclusions and Recommendations Not all discrimination and racism is hate crime … generalizing may lead to improper policy responses which rely only on criminal justice system … A better understanding of the risk, protective, situational and systemic factors –Current understanding is too descriptive and exploratory –Municipalities, neighbourhoods and communities are not generic; therefore diagnostics need to be more local Need to re-think the role of the criminal justice system –CJS not equipped to deal with existing tensions –More focus on municipally and community driven solutions