1. Punctuality
The last person to come into the class later than me will teach the class for 2 minutes on a selected topic by yours truly.
Homework to be returned during the first Theory lesson of the week.
Cleanliness
Courtesy
If you need to speak, raise your hands.
If someone is speaking, open your ears, and not your mouth.
Consistency
You must always have your notes with you.
Commitment
If you are tasked to do something, I expect it to be done with all your effort.

3. Plant Nutrition 5.1 Plant Structure & Function 5.2 Photosynthesis
5.3 Leaf Adaptation & Photosynthesis
5.4 Plant Mineral Nutrition
5.1.1 General Plant Anatomy
5.1.2 Leaf Structure and Function
5.1.3 Structural Diversity in Flowering Plants
5.2.1 The Importance of Photosynthesis
5.2.2 Essential Conditions for Photosynthesis
5.2.3 Plant pigments
5.2.4 Absorption and Action Spectra
5.2.5 Photosynthesis – The Process
5.2.6 Fate of the Products of Photosynthesis
5.2.7 Factors Influencing the Rate of Photosynthesis
5.2.8 Compensation Point
5.2.9 Role of Guard Cells
Water and Carbon Dioxide Uptake
5.3.1 Structural Adaptations
5.3.2 Sun & Shade Leaves
5.4.1 Nitrates
5.4.2 Magnesium

4. By the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
Describe the factors that influence stomatal opening. (If time permits)
Describe the formation of carbohydrates and their subsequent storage.
Outline the intake of carbon dioxide and water by plants for photosynthesis.

5. Stomata open if there is sufficient water supply.
Factor
Effect
Light
In most plants, stomata open in the presence of light, and close in darkness.
Water supply
Stomata open if there is sufficient water supply.
Even in bright light, when there is insufficient supply of water or when water is lost in large amount, stomata will close.
Carbon dioxide concentration
A low CO2 concentration in the stomatal air chamber leads to stomata opening.
Conversely, high CO2 concentrations lead to their closing.
Abscisic Acid concentration
In the presence of high concentrations of abscisic acid, a plant growth regulator, stomatal pores will be closed.

6. in daylight, excess converted to
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
1. Glucose
used directly as
2. Sucrose
in daylight, excess converted to
3. Starch
Glucose formed
in darkness, converts back to
6. Fats
forms
Reacts with Nitrates & Mineral Salts to form
4. Amino Acids
used directly as
Amino Acids
5. Proteins
excess used as

7. Cellular Respiration in the leaf Cellulose Cell Wall Sucrose
THE CARBOHYDRATES C
Glucose
Cellular Respiration in the leaf
Cellulose Cell Wall
Sucrose
For transport out of the leaf to other storage organs
Starch
For storage directly in the leaf

8. PROTEINS & AMINO ACIDS
Amino Acids
For building of protoplasm
Conversion to Proteins for storage.
Proteins
For building new protoplasm.

9. FATS & LIPIDS
FATS
For building of protoplasm.
For storage.
For cellular respiration

10. Starch Maltose Glucose Sucrose Proteins Polypeptides Amino Acids
diastase
maltase
Sucrose
converted to
for transport
Starch
Glucose
Amino Acids
Polypeptides
pepsin
erepsin
Proteins
Fats
Glycerol
Fatty Acids

11. Light energy + 12 H2O + 6 CO2 C6H12O6 + 6 O2 + 6 H2O
chlorophyll
3. How Mesophyll Cells Import Raw Materials into their Cytoplasm
2. Fates of Photosynthetic Products
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Fats
1. How Gaseous Exchange is Controlled
CO2

12. Light energy + 12 H2O + 6 CO2 C6H12O6 + 6 O2 + 6 H2O
chlorophyll
From Roots to the Xylem in the Leaves
..\Transport in Plants\transpiration.swf
From the Xylem in the Leaves to the Mesophyll Cells
As photosynthesis proceeds, there is a net consumption of water in the mesophyll cells.
This causes the water potential in the mesophyll cells to become more negative.
Water from the xylem then enters the mesophyll cells by osmosis.

13. Light energy + 12 H2O + 6 CO2 C6H12O6 + 6 O2 + 6 H2O
chlorophyll
Photosynthesis lowers [CO2] in the cytoplasm of mesophyll cells.
Thin film of moisture surrounding mesophyll cells now has higher concentration of dissolved CO2 than cytoplasm.
CO2 diffuses into mesophyll cell cytoplasm down concentration gradient.
Lowers [CO2] in thin film of moisture w.r.t. [CO2] in intercellular air spaces.
CO2 from intercellular air spaces diffuse into thin film of moisture.
Lowers [CO2] in intercellular air spaces wrt atmospheric [CO2] .
Atmospheric CO2 diffuses into intercellular air spaces through stomata.

14. Photosynthesis Rap

15. Adaptation Function Petiole (leaf stalk)
Holds leaf in position to absorb maximum light energy.
Thin flat lamina
Allows maximum absorption of light energy.
Allows CO2 to reach inner cells rapidly.
Enables sunlight to reach all mesophyll cells.
Waxy cuticle on upper and lower epidermis
Reduces water loss through evaporation from the leaf.
Stomata present in the epidermal layers
Open in sunlight, allowing CO2 to diffuse in and oxygen to diffuse out of the leaf.
Chloroplasts, with chlorophyll, in mesophyll cells
Chlorophyll absorbs and transforms light energy to chemical energy used in the manufacture of sugars.
Presence of more chloroplast in upper palisade tissue
More light energy can be absorbed near the leaf surface.
Interconnecting system of air spaces in spongy mesophyll
Allows rapid diffusion of carbon dioxide into mesophyll cells.
Veins containing xylem and phloem vessels
Xylem transports water and mineral salts to mesophyll cells.
Phloem transports sugars away from the leaf.