1. Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.1 Introduction to Scanners Principles of Information Technology

2. So what is a scanner? A scanner, simply put, is a device used to analyze an image and process it. IT: Principals of IT – Introduction to Scanners2 Scanned Image Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

3. One size does not scan all! Flatbed Scanners Sheet-fed Scanners Handheld Scanners Drum Scanners IT: Principals of IT – Introduction to Scanners3 There are different types of scanners for different types of documents that need to be scanned. Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

4. Flatbed Scanner Used for scanning most documents, photos, and even flat objects from a PC or laptop. Flatbed scanner works like a copy machine. Scans documents placed face down on the glass (scan bed) Most common type of scanner. IT: Principals of IT – Introduction to Scanners4Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

5. Sheet-fed Scanner More portable than a flatbed scanner. Used to scan paper documents and photos. The paper moves through the scanner. Usually smaller than a flat- bed and portable. IT: Principals of IT – Introduction to Scanners5Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

6. Handheld Scanner Smaller than the previous two scanners. The user must move the scanner across the document. Image quality us usually lower. IT: Principals of IT – Introduction to Scanners6Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

7. Drum Scanner Used by the publishing industry. Document is placed on a glass cylinder. Generates very high quality scans. IT: Principals of IT – Introduction to Scanners7Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

8. Using Your Scanner Most flatbed scanners are connected to the computer via the Universal Serial Bus (USB). A software program called a TWAIN driver is used by the computer to communicate with the scanner. An Image Editing program can then be used to manipulate the scanned image. IT: Principals of IT – Introduction to Scanners8Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

9. Connecting the Scanner Most modern Scanners connect to the computer through the USB. IT: Principals of IT – Introduction to Scanners9Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

10. Scanner Software The TWAIN is a standard of communication between the computer and scanner that all scanner manufacturers agree to that allow images to be directly scanned from an image editing program. The TWAIN driver controls the scanner and serves as the interface between the scanner and your graphics program. TWAIN is not an acronym for anything, but… IT: Principals of IT – Introduction to Scanners10Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

11. What is TWAIN? Twain is an old form of the word “two”. The TWAIN software refers to the computer and scanner and the difficulty in connecting the two. The developers took the word from Kipling's "The Ballad of East and West" "...and never the twain shall meet...", Allows 3 rd party software applications to access the scanner to import images. IT: Principals of IT – Introduction to Scanners11Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

12. IT: Principals of IT – Introduction to Scanners12 The image to be scanned should be placed face down on the scanning bed. The scanner will have a marker indicating where the top of the image should go. Scanning A Photo Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

13. Scanning A Photo IT: Principals of IT – Introduction to Scanners13 Fireworks CS3 Most applications that are TWAIN compliant will allow you to scan the image directly into the application. We will use Fireworks for this example. Fireworks is a TWAIN compliant application. Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

14. IT: Principals of IT – Introduction to Scanners14 Scanning A Photo Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

15. Scanning a Photo Some Applications are not TWAIN compliant, such as Adobe Photoshop CS4 and GIMP. The scanner manufacturer will usually provide a stand- alone application for scanning images. You can scan images and save them using their application. Next, open them like any other image in your application of choice. IT: Principals of IT – Introduction to Scanners15Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

16. Scanning Formats Depending on your scanning software, you may have different options of file formats in which to save your scanned image or document. Images may be saved as: jpg, bmp, tif, or png. Documents may be saved as: pdf, or any of the image formats IT: Principals of IT – Introduction to Scanners16Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

17. .bmp The BMP file format, sometimes called bitmap file format, is an image file format used to store bitmap digital images. BMP is a very simple bitmap format used by Microsoft. It doesn't support any photo specific features - and most importantly it doesn't support color management. IT: Principals of IT – Introduction to Scanners17Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

18. .tif Tagged Image File Format (abbreviated TIFF) is a file format for storing images, including photographs and line art. tif images are considered losless, meaning when compressed they do not lose any of the data that renders the image allowing the image to maintain its resolution. IT: Principals of IT – Introduction to Scanners18Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

19. .jpg jpg is the most common image format used by digital cameras and other photographic image capture devices, and is the most common format for storing and transmitting photographic images on the World Wide Web. jpg images are considered lossy, meaning when compressed, they lose some of the data that renders the image, resulting in a lower resolution image. IT: Principals of IT – Introduction to Scanners19Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

20. .png Portable Network Graphics (PNG) Designed to replace the GIF format. IT: Principals of IT – Introduction to Scanners20Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

21. .pdf The Portable Document Format (PDF) is the file format created by Adobe Systems in 1993 for document exchange. PDF is a fixed-layout format used for representing two-dimensional documents in a manner independent of the application software, hardware, and operating system. Each PDF file encapsulates a complete description of a 2-D document (and, with Acrobat 3-D, embedded 3-D documents) that includes the text, fonts, images, and 2-D vector graphics that compose the documents. IT: Principals of IT – Introduction to Scanners21Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

22. After Scanning After scanning, you may need to modify your image in a graphic editing program. Crop Brightness Contrast IT: Principals of IT – Introduction to Scanners22Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

23. Crop To crop an image means to cut away, or trim, the image. IT: Principals of IT – Introduction to Scanners23Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

24. IT: Principals of IT – Introduction to Scanners24 Crop Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

25. Brightness Refers to the lightness and darkness of a color. Also referred to as tone or value. IT: Principals of IT – Introduction to Scanners25 Original Image Increased Brightness Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

26. Contrast Contrast is the difference in visual properties that makes an object (or its representation in an image) distinguishable between other objects and the background. IT: Principals of IT – Introduction to Scanners26 Original Image Increased Contrast Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.