1. 1 Welcome to the International Right of Way Association’s Course 603 Understanding Environmental Contamination in Real Estate 603-PT – Revision 4 – 04.30.08.CAN

2. 2 Introductions Who we are… What we do… Where we do it… How long we’ve been doing it… Our goals for the course...

3. 3 Objectives At the conclusion of the course, you will be able to... Recognise situations that have the potential for site contamination Identify common types of contamination Discuss potential implications of contamination on the right of way and on the project Present options to manage or remediate environmental contamination

4. 4 Housekeeping

5. 5 Schedule (1) 8:00 - 8:30Introductions, Etc. 8:30 -10:00Contamination and Contaminants 10:15 -11:15Geology, Hydrogeology and Hydrology 11:15 - 12:00Contaminant Movement 1:00 - 2:00Contamination Discovery

6. 6 Schedule (2) 2:15 - 3:15Contaminations Affects on the Right of Way and on the Project 3:15 - 3:45Options to Manage or Remediate Environmental Contamination 3:45 - 4:00Summary and Review 4:00 - 5:00Exam

7. 7 Definitions (1) Contaminants are any physical, chemical, biological or radiological substance or matter that has an adverse effect on air, water or soil.

8. 8 Definitions (2) Hazardous substances are any materials that pose a threat to human health and/or the environment.

9. 9 Definitions (3) A contaminated or hazardous waste site is a site at which hazardous substances occur in concentrations above background levels and where assessment indicates the site poses, or is likely to pose, an immediate or long-term hazard to human health or the environment.

10. 10 Exercise No. 1 (1)

11. 11 Exercise No. 1 (2)

12. 12 Exercise No. 1 (3)

13. 13 Exercise No. 1 (4)

14. 14 Contamination Sources Point Source Non-Point Source

15. 15 Point Source Contamination (1) Point Source … a release from a small, specific and usually identifiable area leaking storage tanks leaking buried pipes/transfer lines leaking lagoons landfill leachate seeps, leaking buried drums spills

16. 16 Point Source Contamination (2)

17. 17 Point Source Contamination (3)

18. 18 Point Source Contamination (4)

19. 19 Non-Point Source Contamination Non-Point Source … a release over a wide area fertilizer applications infiltration of ditch water sewage sludge applications particulate fallout

20. 20 Hazardous or Designated Substances Asbestos-containing material (ACM) Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) Lead-based paints Mercury-containing equipment Urea formaldehyde foam insulation (UFFI) radioactive sources/radon gas

21. 21 Asbestos-Containing Material (1) Popular from the 1900s to 1970s floor tiles and linoleum ceiling tiles thermal mud insulation on pipe elbows check boilers and boiler rooms transit boards asbestos cement drain piping spray on (fire retardant) insulation

22. 22 Asbestos-Containing Material (2)

23. 23 Polychlorinated Biphenyls (1) Manufactured up to 1977 coolants and lubricants in electrical equipment (e.g., fluorescent light ballasts, fluid cooled transformers, capacitors)

24. 24 Polychlorinated Biphenyls (2)

25. 25 Lead-Based Paint Fully phased out in the early 1980s

26. 26 Mercury-Containing Equipment switches fluorescent light tubes mercury halide lights

27. 27 Urea Formaldehyde Foam Insulation Used from the 1960s to about 1980

28. 28 Radioactive Sources/Radon older smoke detectors industrial sensors radon gas

29. 29 Geology Geology is the science that deals with the Earth, especially as recorded in rocks.

30. 30 Hydrogeology Hydrogeology is a branch of geology concerned with the occurrence, use and functions of surface water and ground water.

31. 31 Hydrology (1) Hydrology is the science that deals with the properties, distribution and circulation of water on and below the Earth’s surface and in the atmosphere.

32. 32 Hydrology (2)

33. 33 Subsurface Overburden Bedrock Sand and Gravel Gravel Sand Clay Bedro ck Til l

34. 34 Porosity Pore space Fractures

35. 35 Groundwater

36. 36 Groundwater Flow Recharge Area Discharge Area

37. 37 Permeability Permeability is a material’s capacity to transmit water. An aquifer is a geological unit having a high permeability. As aquitard is a geological unit having a low permeability.

38. 38 Exercise No. 4 (1)

39. 39 Exercise No. 4 (2)

40. 40 Exercise No. 4 (3)

41. 41 Exercise No. 5 (1)

42. 42 Exercise No. 5 (2)

43. 43 Exercise No. 5 (3)

44. 44 Organic v. Inorganic Organic compounds are biological. Contain carbon. (Methane, butane, acetone, toluene, acetylene, ethyl alcohol) Inorganic compounds are mineral. (Ammonium, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury)

45. 45 Contaminant Properties Solubility Miscibility Specific gravity Volatility

46. 46 LNAPL Light non-aqueous phase liquids Lighter than water Gasoline

47. 47 DNAPL Dense non-aqueous phase liquids Denser than water Trichloroethylene (TCE)

48. 48 The Break (1) Marsh / Wetland Creek 50 60 70 80 A’A’ River A Crude Oil pipeline 3’ below grade Pipelin e Break

49. 49 The Break (2) Sand Clay and Silt Silt and fine sand Pipeline break River Water table A A’

50. 50 Exercise No. 6 (1)

51. 51 Exercise No. 6 (2)

52. 52 Exercise No. 6 (3)

53. 53 Exercise No. 6 (4)

54. 54 Environmental Site Assessments … an analysis of a specific parcel of real property to identify environmental risk. Phase I Phase II Phase III

55. 55 Testing Methods (1) Non-intrusiveIntrusive

56. 56 Testing Methods (2) Geophysical survey Auger drill rig

57. 57 Testing Methods (3) Hollow stem auger Excavator

58. 58 Testing Methods (4) Drilling inside a building Installing a monitoring well

59. 59 Testing Methods (5) Shallow test pit Soil sample from sonic rig

60. 60 Testing Methods (6) Soil samples from hollow stem auger Sampling a monitoring well

61. 61 Environmental Site Assessments … an analysis of a specific parcel of real property to identify environmental risk. Phase I Phase II Phase III

62. 62 Elevated Rapid Transit Line

63. 63 Options Contaminated site clean-up or remediation options range from do-nothing to partial or total remediation either in-situ (on-site) or ex-situ (off-site).

64. 64 In-situ In-situ remediation means to treat the contamination on-site or in-place. Ozone and oxygen sparging Excavation and on-site storage Excavation/treatment and replace Bioremediation Groundwater soil vapor recovery Phytoremediation Encapsulation Thermal desorption

65. 65 In-situ: Vapor Extraction

66. 66 In-situ: Encapsulation

67. 67 In-situ: Encapsulation

68. 68 In-situ: Bioremediation

69. 69 Ex-situ Ex-situ remediation means to remove the contamination from the site. Excavation and off-site disposal at a legally authorized disposal site.

70. 70 Ex-situ: Removal

71. 71 Ex-situ: Removal

72. 72 Exercise No. 10

73. 73 Objectives Now, you are able to... Recognise situations that have the potential for site contamination Identify common types of contamination Discuss potential implications of contamination on the right of way and on the project Present options to manage or remediate environmental contamination

74. 74 Thank you! 603-PT – Revision 4 – 04.30.08.. CAN