1. Badea George-Cosmin Dr inż. Zdzisław Pólkowski TELEVISION

2. CONTENTS Definition History of television Essential steps of image information transmission Ways exploration image TV signals Impacts of our TVs

3. DEFINITION The television is an electronic system of transmitting transient images of fixed or moving objects together with sound over a wire or through space by apparatus that converts light and sound into electrical waves and reconverts them into visible light rays and audible sound; The system or process of producing on a distant screen a series of transient visible images, usually with an accompanying sound signal; Electrical signals, converted from potical images by a camera tube, are transmitted by UHF or VHF radio waves or by cable and reconverted into optical images by means of a television tube inside a television set. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/television

4. HISTORY OF TELEVISION By the late 1930s, radio was woven into the fabric of American life. It allowed millions to enjoy public events in the comfort of their own home. Although the electronic television was demonstrated to the public by Philo Farnsworth in 1928, “technical difficulties, corporate competition, and World War II postponed its widespread introduction to the public until 1946”; In 1945 the first experimental microwave relay system was introduced by Western Union between New Yourk and Philadelphia. This distribution system transmittedd communication signals via radio along a series of towers; Between 1945 and 1948, the number of commercial television stations grew from 9 to 48 and the number of cities having commercial sevice went from 8 to 23. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01439680020030914?journalCode=chjf20#

5. Essential steps of image information transmission Television secure information transmission video, audio and data (further information) over large distances by electromagnetic waves to the public. The essential problem of television is limited to the multitude of information capture processes video and audio conversion into electrical signals, processing them specifically for analog and digital RF emission spectrum and rebuilding users (in TV receiver) information under as TV images and sound signals. The picture is a radiant energy distribution in time and variable color depending on the optical properties of objects. The specific problem consists in television: the transformation vector function B (x, y, t) in a signal s (t), its transmission channel and reconstitute images Br (x, y, t) in a manner as closely as possible. http://vega.unitbv.ro/~nicolaeg/Radio-TV_TSTC+EA_%202014-2015/=Curs%20TV_%20pt%20TSTC/Curs%2002%20Principiul%20transm isie%20imaginii%20si%20sunetului.pdf

6. Essential steps of image information transmission http://vega.unitbv.ro/~nicolaeg/Radio-TV_TSTC+EA_%202014-2015/=Curs%20TV_%20pt%20TSTC/Curs%2002%20Principiul%20transm isie%20imaginii%20si%20sunetului.pdf The significance of the functional circuits of the television system shown below: SOFI – the imaging optical system; TOE – optoelectronic transducer; DE – exploration device; GSA – signal generator helpful; E – broadcaster; CC – color coder; E’R, E’G, E’B – primary color signals;

7. Essential steps of image information transmission http://vega.unitbv.ro/~nicolaeg/Radio-TV_TSTC+EA_%202014-2015/=Curs%20TV_%20pt%20TSTC/Curs%2002%20Principiul%20transm isie%20imaginii%20si%20sunetului.pdf The significance of the functional circuits of the television system shown below: SVCC – color video signal; R – receiver; S – signal separator; GSA – signal generator helpful; DC – color decoder; DE – exploration device; TOE – optoelectronic transducer; DE + TEO – the display form; SOFI + TOE + DE – form the TV camera.

8. Ways exploration image We have four ways for exploration image: 1.Explore linear; 2.Simple explore linear; 3.Explore linear interlaced; 4.Explore superior linear order interlacing. http://siliciu.com/files/TV/Met%20de%20expl%20Final.pdf

9. Ways exploration image 1.Explore linear: Television image is rectangular. The total points of a picture TV called frame. The total exploration lines of a frame called grid. http://siliciu.com/files/TV/Met%20de%20expl%20Final.pdf Both journeys of exploration element is performed at constant speed.

10. Ways exploration image 2.Simple explore linear: Exploration periods vertically TV and horizontally TH, are chosen so that the ratio of them to be an integer. Note this number with z, he representing the number of lines. http://siliciu.com/files/TV/Met%20de%20expl%20Final.pdf

11. Ways exploration image 3.Explore linear interlaced: Exploration periods horizontally TH and vertically, TV, are chosen such that each relationship exist: where k is an integer. http://siliciu.com/files/TV/Met%20de%20expl%20Final.pdf

12. Ways exploration image 4.Explore superior linear order interlacing: If vertical exploration period is chosen form TV : TV = (k+1/n)TH, where k and n are integers An analysis similar to that of interlaced exploration show that strictly periodic resumption of exploration framework will be made after n periods TV, namely : TK =n*TV = n(k+1/n)TH = (n*k+1)TH It follows an exploration of order n interlacing, the framework consists of "n subframes" interlaced lines resulting consecutive explorations. http://siliciu.com/files/TV/Met%20de%20expl%20Final.pdf

13. TV signals http://www.pbs.org/opb/crashcourse/digital_v_analog/ghosts.html

14. TV signals http://radio.ubm.ro/EA/Documente/Cursuri_Laboratoare/Televiziune/laboratoare/Lab2.pdf 1. The luminance signal in analog TV: In television systems, flat object optical image transmission is represented as a function of three arguments. This function can be a point luminance optical image of the plan, time-varying, L (x, y, t), with coordinates x, y. The transformation of the function L (x, y, t) in the signal eV (t) follows the transmission sequence information of luminance of each picture element. In this black and white television signal contains information about the luminance of the pixels, and color television contains both information about the luminance and chrominance one. By exploring means decomposition process image in lines and frames, resulting in the formation of analog electrical signal eV (t) proportional to the luminance distribution.

15. TV signals http://vega.unitbv.ro/~nicolaeg/Radio-TV_TSTC+EA_%202014-2015/=Curs%20TV_%20pt%20TSTC/Curs%2005.pdf 2. Fighting and synchronization signal in analog TV: The signals were fighting correspondence digital video stream structure. Extinguishing complex and synchronization signal is a video signal composed of impulse frequency fighting over which is superimposed impulse timing.

16. TV signals http://vega.unitbv.ro/~nicolaeg/Radio-TV_TSTC+EA_%202014-2015/=Curs%20TV_%20pt%20TSTC/Curs%2006.pdf 3. Signals used in the PAL TV system: PAL (Phase Alternating Line) is a German system, to eliminate functional shortcoming NTSC system, It uses the principle of phase transmission changed from line to line chrominance component Transmission is chrominance components, as in the case of NTSC system, by modulating the amplitude of a chrominance subcarrier, which in this case has a frequency of 4.433618 MHz. PAL transmission uses alternating phase 0º-180º from one line to another based on the red color component,. This allows the cell to repair reception chrominance signal corresponding to the correct phase of emission and thus eliminate the phase error.

17. TV signals http://vega.unitbv.ro/~nicolaeg/Radio-TV_TSTC+EA_%202014-2015/=Curs%20TV_%20pt%20TSTC/Curs%2006.pdf 4. Signals used in the SCAM TV system: To briefly introduce SECAM television system semnals order to make a comparison between the two European color TV systems. The system uses the following video signals frequency. Starting with much lower sensitivity to the human visual system compared with the color information of luminance, chrominance signal is band (2x1,3) MHz for maximum system 1.5 MHz PAL and SECAM system where.

18. TV signals http://www.scritub.com/tehnica-mecanica/SISTEME-DE-TELEVIZIUNE-DIGITAL2111021149.php 5. Chrominance and luminance signal in digital TV: Luminance and chrominance signals are subjected to filtering to remove frequencies trecejos high video that can generate aliasing in the conversion process. Filtered luminance signal is sampled at a frequency of 13.5 MHz in the analog-to-digital converter to produce a data stream of 10-bit 135 Mb/s. The two chrominance channels are filtered and then sampled at a frequency of 6.75 MHz analogdigitale converters to produce two data streams to 67.5 MB / s. The three video channels are then multiplexed into a single stream of parallel data 10 bits at 270 Mb / s and the frequency of 27 MHz.

19. Impacts of our TVs http://www.slideshare.net/ttaylo40/effects-of-television-in-our-society

20. IMPACTS OF OUR TVs The NEGATIVE TV violence can affect increased aggressive behavior and desensitization to real life violence; Images of celebrities creat unrealistic and sometimes unattainable representations of body types; Can affect learning and school performance; Excessive TV is linked to obesity; Children can be exposed to violence and things of a sexual nature at a young age. The POSITIVE Is able to spread news quickly and effectively Shows us weather forecasts Entertains us Can deflect feelings of lonliness or social deprivation Keeps the general public aware of world happenings http://www.english-online.at/media/television/effects-of-television-on-society.htm