1. Video Basics – Chapter 4
The Video Camera

2. Chapter 4 Basic Camera Function & Elements Technical Jargon
Two-Chip high-resolution imaging device
Camera that will produce excellent color, good light, dark contrast, sharp picture.

3. Chapter 4 Fast Lens 10:1 Power Zoom Lens Not related to Speed
Lens will allow enough light to video in low light conditions
10:1 Power Zoom Lens
Allows smooth transition from wide to close-up or vise versa using toggle switch

4. Chapter 4 High Variable Shutter Speed
Prevents fast moving objects from looking blurred.

5. Chapter 4 Auto Iris Auto Focus Auto White Balance
Lens will sense how much light is needed and adjust automatically.
Auto Focus
Keeps picture sharp
Auto White Balance
Colors look good/exact/true

6. Chapter 4 Built-in Character Generator Lux
You can print text on the video picture
Lux
Light – you can record in very low light levels. 3 Lux…2Lux…1 Lux

7. Chapter 4 Low-noise Gain Nothing to do with sound
The ability of the camera to produce pictures in very low light conditions without little picture deterioration (snow)

8. Chapter 4 Flying Erase Head High signal-to-noise ratio
Allows you to edit in the camera
Insert scenes over video without any breakup of signal
High signal-to-noise ratio
Nothing to do with sound
Picture signal is stronger than any electronic interference

9. Chapter 4 Built-in Time Code Generator
Each video frame is assigned a number
Like your street address
Editing unit will read this address
Numbers help you find scenes

10. Chapter 4 Audio Connections Pro cameras – XLR (the best/reliable)
Consumer Cameras – Mini & RCA

11. Chapter 4 Video Camera Function
Main Function -- translate an optical image into electrical signals that are reconverted by a television receiver into visible images.

12. Chapter 4

13. Chapter 4
Beam Splitter – splits White light into Red, Green, & Blue light.

14. Chapter 4
CCDs – transform RGB into electrical energy, which is amplified and processed, then reconverted into video pictures by the Viewfinder.

15. Chapter 4
VHS
Camera

16. Chapter 4
VHS
Camera

17. Chapter 4 The Lens Focal Length Determines what the camera can see.
How much of a scene we can see through a lens from a specific position and how magnified distant objects look

18. Chapter 3

19. Chapter 4
Lens
Glass
Filter
Grooves
.755 mm
Info on ring

20. Chapter 4 Focal Length Short Focal Length – wide angle view
Zoom Out
Long Focal Length – Narrow but much closer view of scene
Zoom In

21. Chapter 4

22. Chapter 4
Zoom Range
Refers to how close a view you can get when zooming In from the wide angle position. The higher the first (14x1) number the closer you can get.

23. Chapter 4

24. Chapter 4
Zoom Range
10x1
14x1
24x1
48x1
Etc.

25. Chapter 4 Lens Speed Fast Lens Slow Lens Check Lens Speed
How much light can pass through a lens to the imaging device.
Fast Lens
Allow great amount of light
Slow Lens
Allows limited amount of light
Check Lens Speed
Lower the f-stop number = fast lens

26. Chapter 4 Lens Iris Controls light passing into camera
Functions similar to your eyes
Bright lights the iris closes down
Low light, the iris opens up
Measure iris opening via f-stop
1.4, 2.8, 4, 5.6, 8, 11, 16, 22
Lower number more light

27. Chapter 3

28. Chapter 3

29. Chapter 4
Video Camera Iris
Studio Camera Demonstration

30. Chapter 4
Auto Iris
Adjusts lens opening automatically to the optimal aperture – allows correct amount of light into camera.

31. Chapter 4 Fast Shutter Speed – 1/5000, 1/10,000
High f-stop number – 16, 22 (Min light)
Automatically adjusts f-stop
Slow Shutter Speed – 1/4, 1/8
Low f-stop number – 1.4, 2 (Max light)

32. Chapter 4 Beam Splitter Separates White light into Red, Green, Blue
Red, Green & Blue are called the primary colors.
RGB – basic light colors from which all other light colors can be mixed

33. Chapter 4
Beam Splitter
Series of prisms and filters locked into a prism block
Imaging devices connected to the prisms transform beams into electrical energy called the RGB video signals

34. Chapter 4
RGB

35. Chapter 4 Imaging Device Changes light into electric energy
CCD – Charge-coupled device
Small, silicon chip
Chip has light sensing picture elements called pixels
Pixels change light energy into electric current
Determines video picture quality

36. Chapter 4

37. Chapter 4 CCD Pro cameras have 3 CCDs One for each color CCD for Red
CCD for Green
CCD for Blue

38. Chapter 4 Video Processing
RGB signals referred to as chrominance signal
Brightness signal referred to as luminance signal
Combined Chrominance and Luminance = Composite Signal or NTSC signal.
NTSC is U.S. standard format

39. Chapter 4
Viewfinder
Small TV monitor either B&W of color

40. Chapter 4 Video Cameras Studio Cameras Field Cameras
ENG – Electronic News Gathering
EFP – Electronic Field Production

41. Chapter 4
Studio
Cameras

42. Chapter 4 Studio Camera Chain Camera Head - Body Power Supply
Sync Generator – uniform electrical pulse to synchronize the scanning of the video pictures in a variety of equipment (monitors, viewfinders)
CCU – Camera Control Unit

43. Chapter 4
Camera Chain

44. Chapter 4
CCUs

45. Chapter 4 Video Production Cables BNC RCA UHF XLR Quarter Inch
Connectors

46. Chapter 4
Aspect Ratio
The relationship between the height and width of a video picture.
Standard TV set is 3:4
3 units high and 4 units wide
HDTV is 3:5
3 units high and 5 units wide

47. Chapter 4 ENG/EFP Cameras Designed to be used by one person
High quality
Battery operated
Tape deck inside camera
Microphone on camera or external mic can be connected

48. Chapter 4
ENG
EFP
$10K
$15K
$25K
& Up

49. Chapter 4 Dockable Cameras Camera body and VCR are separate
VCR plugs into back of Camera

50. Chapter 4 Studio Conversion Unit
Converting ENG/EFP camera into studio camera

51. Chapter 4
Studio

52. Chapter 4 Chapter Review Key Terms – Beginning of chapter
Key Concepts – End of chapter

53. Chapter 4
Questions?