1. “Teaching” by Sharleen L. Kato
Chapter 6
Early History of Education

2. Key Terms/Vocabulary 2 2

3. Apprentice
someone who learns a skilled trade by watching and helping someone in that trade. 3 3

4. Dame School
in early America, schools run by women in their own homes, and Parents paid a fee for their children to attend. 4 4

5. Hornbook a flat wooden board with a handle. A sheet of paper—usually
containing the alphabet, a prayer
or two, and Roman numerals
was pasted on the board. A thin,
flat piece of clear animal horn was
Attached to cover and protect the
paper. Used during the Colonial Period. 5 5

6. Common Schools public schools available to children from all levels of
Society. 6 6

7. the necessary skills to
Normal Schools
schools that prepared
men and women with
the necessary skills to
become teachers.
______________________
The caption on this photo reads, "Junior Class," and is identified as "Texas Normal School for Negroes." Probably taken at Prairie View Normal Institute (now Prairie View A&M University), date unknown. A normal school trained teachers and provided the rough equivalent of today's high schools. Prairie View was founded in Prints and Photographs Collection, Texas State Library and Archives Commission. 7 7

8. McGuffey Readers
the first widely used textbooks published during the American Common School Period that included moral lessons along with science, grammar, and other subjects. 8 8

9. Progressives members of a reform movement that
began in the late 1800s who believed that
education should be more individualized and
teach students the skills that would improve
the ills of society. 9 9

10. the teaching principles developed by Maria
Montessori Method
the teaching principles developed by Maria
Montessori, an Italian doctor, emphasizing
self-directed learning through sensory
experiences. 10 10

11. Career & Technical Education
courses of study that prepare students for careers related to a specific trade or occupation. 11 11

12. income beyond that needed for basic
Disposable Income
income beyond that needed for basic
necessities, allowing people to buy or do
things that they want. 12 12

13. Quotas immigration laws set limits for people
coming to the United States from other
countries. 13 13

14. Vocabulary Review Quizlet
Go to
In search box type
Begin doing the activities. 14

15. The American Colonial Period 15 15

16. Main point about education during the American Colonial Period
Europeans came to a new land seeking
economic opportunity, religious freedom,
and a better society. Most education took place in the home. 16 16 16

17. Schools that did exist were primarily for elementary grades
Schools that did exist were primarily for elementary grades. Most older children worked on family farms or businesses. Some learned skills through apprenticeships. 17 17 17

18. The role of teachers was
to teach, be role models, and act as
examples of moral behavior 18 18 18

19. The school curriculum focused on
Basic reading, writing, simple math, and religion.
Some training was available for trades. Hornbooks were used.
In the South males studied astronomy for navigation and plantation management skills.
Girls learned home management skills. 19 19 19

20. The American Early National Period 20 20

21. Main Points about education during the American Early National Period
America was still primarily a Rural nation.
Teaching skills were focused on teaching
skills to help students enter fields such as
agriculture, business, and shipping. 21 21 21

22. The Role Benjamin Franklin Played
He began the first public library.
If you could pay the tuition you
could attend school.
He influenced schools to teach
good citizenship and a wide
variety of subjects. 22 22 22

23. The role Thomas Jefferson Played
He introduced legislation to divide
counties into smaller districts that were
responsible for a public system of
education. Elementary schools
were available without cost.
He also established the University of
Virginia. 23 23 23

24. The Role of Teachers To be positive models of good citizenship for
their students. They were expected to be
involved, making the community a better
place through both church participation and
involvement in community issues. 24 24 24

25. The School Curriculum Focused On
Basics of reading, writing, and math, along with Christian
principles and citizenship. Students learned Greek,
Roman, English & American history.
If girls received additional education, it was often through a tutor at
home or in schools specifically for girls.
Education was mainly limited to those of European ancestry. 25 25 25

26. The American Common School Period 26 26

27. Main Points about Education during the American Common School Period
Americans realized the injustice of slavery
and worked to end it. The freeing of slaves
altered American life. By the end of the
period, free public education for many was
more widely available. 27 27 27

28. The Role Horace Mann Played
He established teacher training schools, free
libraries and the first public state-supported
schools .
He increased state funding for public
schools by using state taxes to pay for
education. 28 28 28

29. African American Education during this Period was
Often done in secret.
Former slaves in the North faced social and economic obstacles.
Quaker schools allowed African American students to attend.
Educated African Americans set up schools.
The First African American colleges were founded.
Most schools remained strictly segregated. 29 29 29

30. The Role of Teachers was
to usually teach all grades 30 30 30

31. The School Curriculum Focused on
How subjects were taught rather than which subjects were taught. Kindergartens were established in public schools. McGuffey Readers were used and the Morrill Act of 1852 was passed. 31 31 31

32. Kindergarten
Friedrich Froebel developed the idea for kindergarten. He believed that young children learned best through play. The first kindergarten classes were intended to help poor children succeed in school. Today, educational programs for young children are still based on play and social interaction. 32 32 32

33. McGuffey Reader
Textbooks became more widely available. McGuffey readers, which taught moral lessons along with reading, spelling, and other subjects were used in so many schools that they contributed to the standardization of American education. 33 33 33

34. The Morrill Act Texas Land Grant Colleges/University
Also known as the Land-Grant College Act gave federal land to establish
colleges in every state. These colleges provided practical education in
agriculture, home economics, and other useful professions to people from all
social classes. These colleges made higher education available to Americans
nationwide.
Land-grant institutions are often categorized as 1862, 1890, and 1994
institutions, based on the date of the legislation that designated most of them
with land grant status.
Texas Land Grant Colleges/University
Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View
Texas A&M University, College Station 34 34

35. The American Progressive Period 35 35

36. Main Points about Education during the American Progressive Period
They wanted to make America a better and safer place to live, and education was part of that.
Schools were overcrowded. Progressives fought for reducing the hours children could work in factories. By 1920, all states had laws requiring children to attend elementary school.
Women were gaining more rights.
European immigrants poured into the cities.
The Industrial Revolution changed the nature of both work and society. Many children worked in the cities, limiting their educational opportunities. 36 36

37. Schools Were Segregated
African American children
attended separate public
schools that received less
funding and materials were
scarce and inferior, often the
cast-offs from the “white”
schools. African American
teachers could only teach in
African American schools. 37 37

38. The role of teachers was:
Teacher preparation programs in colleges replaced normal schools.
More emphasis on educational theories and standardization.
The first teachers’ labor union was formed.
Many women became
teachers.
● Women achieved the right to vote. 38 38

39. The school curriculum focused on
Students were encouraged to think critically and independently, rather than simply memorize
information and accept facts.
Thousands of public high schools were opened. 39 39

40. The Role John Dewey Played
John Dewey believed that classrooms were too rigid and inflexible.
He believed that schools should place a greater emphasis on the development of problem-solving and critical-thinking skills.
He promoted the link between learning and experience. He believed social interaction aided learning. 40 40

41. The Role Maria Montessori Played
She tried to find ways to help children who had difficulty learning.
She believed that sensory experiences should come
before learning to read and write.
The classroom provides stimulating environments. Children direct their own learning with teachers as their partners. 41 41

42. Career & Technical Education
It was established by the Smith-Hughes Act of 1917.
Established to prepare students for the many career opportunities in specific trades and occupations where skilled workers were needed. 42 42

43. The 1920s & the Great Depression Era 43

44. Main Points about Education During the 1920s & the Great Depression
The influence of the Progressive movement in education continued.
Economic prosperity continued until
the Great Depression. 44

45. The Economy Impacted the Schools because
Schools expanded during the good economic times of the 1920s.
During the Great Depression, schools faced a shortage of cash, since many people were unable to pay their taxes. Some schools closed.
Teacher pay was cut or eliminated.
Course offerings were cut back to basic subjects.
Many children went to work. The federal government provided funds to hire teachers and purchase supplies. Schools offered free hot lunches for children. As a part of the program to employ others, better schools were built.
Schools were working to recover. 45

46. “Dick & Jane” readers were significant
The books taught basic reading skills with simple stories about a
family.
Their widespread use helped standardize education. 46