1. Postwar Social Changes
Chapter 13
Section 1

2. Society and Culture
As a reaction to WWI, society and culture in the USA and elsewhere underwent rapid changes
During the 1920s, new technologies helped create a mass culture and to connect people around the world
American culture was characterized by a greater freedom and willingness to experiment

3. Jazz Age Women Liberation
One symbol of this new age was jazz
Another symbol was the liberated young woman called the flapper, a woman who rejected old ways in favor of new freedoms
Labor-saving devices freed women from household chores
In this new era of emancipation, women pursued careers

4. Louis Armstrong A Well Known Jazz Musician

5. The term flapper in the 1920s referred to a "new breed" of young women who wore short skirts, bobbed their hair, listened to what was then considered unconventional music and flaunted their disdain for what was then considered "decent" behavior. The flappers were seen as brash in their time for wearing excessive makeup, drinking hard liquor, treating sex in a more casual manner, smoking cigarettes, driving automobiles, and otherwise flouting conventional social and sexual norms.

6. Prohibition Speakeasies
Not everyone approved of the freer lifestyle of the Jazz Age
For example, Prohibition (period of banned drinking, manufacturing, and selling of alcohol) was meant to keep people from the negative effects of drinking
Instead, it brought about organized crime and speakeasies (illegal bars where patrons had to speak [and drink] “easy” or softly to avoid being heard by the authorities)

7. Prohibition
Prohibition In the United States (1920–1933) was the era during which the United States Constitution outlawed the manufacture, transport, and sale of alcoholic beverages. The term also refers to legal prohibitions against alcohol imposed by its various states, and the surrounding social-political movements advocating the passage of prohibition. Selling, manufacturing, or transporting (including importing and exporting) alcohol for beverage purposes was prohibited by the Eighteenth Amendment.

8. Prohibition

9. Speakeasy
A speakeasy was an establishment that was used for selling and drinking alcoholic beverages during the period of United States history known as Prohibition ( , longer in some states), when the sale, manufacture, and transportation of alcohol was illegal. The term comes from a patron's manner of ordering alcohol without raising suspicion — a bartender would tell a patron to be quiet and "speak easy".

10. Literature New literature reflected a powerful disgust with war
To some postwar writers, the way symbolized the moral breakdown of Western civilization
Other writers experimented with stream of consciousness – a writer presents a character’s random thoughts and feelings without imposing any logic or order
Some notable authors of this period include T.S. Eliot, James Joyce, and Langston Hughes

11. Harlem Renaissance
In the cultural movement called the Harlem Renaissance, African American artists and writers expressed pride in their culture and explored their experiences in their work (a cultural “awakening”)

12. Christian Fundamentalism
Christian fundamentalism support traditional Christian ideas about Jesus and believe that all of the events described in the bible are literally true
Fundamentalist preachers traveled around the USA and held spiritual revival meetings
The radio was used to spread fundamentalist teachings in the early 1900s
Some people, however, did not believe that the events in the bible are literally true

13. Scopes Trial
A biology teacher, John Scopes, was placed on trial for teaching evolution in his classroom instead of creationism in 1925 in violation of a Tennessee law
Scopes was found guilty in this famous trial (aka “The Scopes Monkey Trial”)
The Scopes Trial showed the strength of Christian fundamentalism sweeping across the country
The case was thus seen as both a theological (religious) contest and a trial on the veracity of modern science regarding the creation-evolution controversy

14. The Scopes Trial

15. Scientific Discoveries
New scientific discoveries challenged long-held ideas
Marie Curie and others found that atoms of certain elements spontaneously release charged particles
Albert Einstein argued that measurements of space and time are not absolute
Italian physicist Enrico Fermi discovered atomic fission
Scottish scientist Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928, a nontoxic mold that killed bacteria to treat infections and diseases

16. Alexander Fleming ( )

17. Albert Einstein

19. Scientific Discoveries
Sigmund Freud pioneered psychoanalysis, a method of studying how the mind works and treating mental illness
Dr. Sigmund Freud

20. Western Artists
In the early 1900s, many Western artists rejected traditional styles that tried to reproduce the real world
For example, Vasily Kandinsky’s work was called abstract
It was composed of only of lines, colors, and shapes—sometimes with no recognizable subject

21. In his own words, "Composition VII" was the most complex piece he ever painted (Kandinsky 1913)

22. Composition X. For the background of his last great composition, painted during WWII, Kandinsky selected black, the colour of death. (Kandinsky 1939)

23. Western Artists
Dada artists rejected tradition and believed that there was no sense or truth in the world
Another movement, surrealism, tried to portray the workings of the unconscious mind
In architecture, Bauhaus buildings based on form and function featured glass, steel, and concrete, but little ornamentation

24. Surrealism

25. Dada
Dada thought that reason and logic had led people into the horrors of war (World War I), so the only route to salvation was to reject logic and embrace anarchy and irrationality
If the world was so logical and rational, how can it be that the world became involved in such a destructive, terrible war?

26. Bauhaus Architecture

27. Powerpoint Questions
1. What term was given that banned the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcohol?
2. What were women called who challenged traditional norms of behavior and sought new freedoms in society?
3. “Shhhh….don’t speak so loud in here…speak and drink softly….because you are in a ________”
4. a method of studying how the mind works and treating mental illness is called ___________.
5. Bacterial infections were reduced by the discovery of _______________.

28. Powerpoint Questions
6. Identify the cultural movement that expressed pride in the African-American community.
7. What did Marie Curie discover?
8. What did Dada artists reject and believe about the world?
9. How would you describe abstract art?
10. Which new popular musical style emerged in the post-World War I era?

29. The End