1. World War I Aim: How did World War I have devastating global effects?

2. http://www.dean.usma.edu/history/web03/atlases/great%20war/great%20war%20%20pages/great%20war%20map%2002.htm

3. Main Battlefronts 1) Western Front (of Germany) (France and Germany border) (Great Britain + France vs Germany) – establishment of trenches (especially in France) leads to war of attrition with very large death numbers and little territorial gain 2) Eastern Front (of Germany) (Russian and German border) (Germany vs Russia) – Russian losses severe, especially with overreliance on poorly equipped infantry. Russia leaves the war by 1917 (Communist Revolution). (NO TRENCH WARFARE) 3) Atlantic Ocean (after 1916) (USA vs Germany) – Can USA safely transport troops across ocean? YES - Use of German U-Boats ultimately ineffective. Once USA can bring its resources and troop numbers to help the Triple Entente, Germany realizes despite not losing a major battle it will lose a war of attrition because it cannot match the troop numbers. USA itself is not effective in winning many battles. MINOR POWERS Italy switches sides during the war and joins Entente Austria-Hungary not effective fighting force Ottoman Empire joins Germany and Central Powers and its loss leads to the breakup of the Empire

4. New technology Machine guns Artillery (cannons) i.e. “Big Bertha” Gas grenades Transportation (trains, automobiles) Communication (radios, telephones) Tanks Planes Naval Units http://www.schoolhistory.co.uk/gcselinks/wars/firstwwlinks/worksheets/wwiweapons.pdfNew technology

5. War: Fantasy vs. Realilty The following slides are courtesy of: http://www.schoolhistory.co.uk/gcselinks/w ars/firstwwlinks/worksheets/realityofwar.pp t#1War: Fantasy vs. Realiltyhttp://www.schoolhistory.co.uk/gcselinks/w ars/firstwwlinks/worksheets/realityofwar.pp t#1War: Fantasy vs. Realilty

6. Simulation vs Reality Similarities Lots of alliances War hungry people who think they will because of unprecedented military buildup Think war will accomplish their Nationalistic goals Colonies think they could use this opportunity to achieve independence Differences Different trigger Different military outcome (look at each Band and say what their outcome was) More of a world-wide battle than a European dominated affair (depends on the class) Colonies join “Mother Country” - they will get independence in return

7. By Miss Boughey www.WeatherheadHistory.ik.orgwww.SchoolHistory.co.uk

8. The British government wanted to encourage men to enlist for war. They said the war would be safe, hardly any fighting, a good lark and over by Christmas. They used advertising posters to encourage this idea! A picture of soldiers going ‘Over the Top’

9. The reality of ‘going over the top’ was very different!

10. Soldiers were expected to carry all of their equipment with them at all times. They were supposed to keep it clean and in good condition – they were British after all.

11. How the uniform and equipment changed after just three weeks in the trenches…

12. Posters always showed men ready and willing to fight. They never showed the boredom of the trenches or actual fighting taking place. Why do you think the government showed no fighting?

14. No smiling and relaxed faces… No clean uniforms… Their equipment is scattered everywhere… Boredom and sleep are obvious…

16. The soldiers had very little decent food, and what food they had was often attacked by rats. These rats were the size of small rabbits and badgers because they had fed on the decomposing bodies of dead soldiers.

18. http://www.schoolhistory.co.uk/gcselinks/wars/firstwwlinks/worksheets/trenchrats.pdf

19. Initially believed to be a symptom of poor morale by military authorities, 'trench foot' was in fact a fungal infection of the feet brought on by prolonged exposure to damp, cold conditions allied to poor environmental hygiene. http://www.firstworldwar.com/atoz/trenchfoot.htm

20. http://www.schoolhistory.co.uk/gcselinks/wars/firstwwlinks/worksheets/trenchrats.pdf

21. THE RATS Google images http://www.schoolhistory.co.uk/gcselinks/wars/firstwwlinks/worksheets/trenchrats.pdf

22. A HOPELESS SITUATION http://www.schoolhistory.co.uk/gcselinks/wars/firstwwlinks/worksheets/trenchrats.pdf

23. http://www.schoolhistory.co.uk/gcselinks/wars/firstwwlinks/worksheets/bodylice.pdf

24. TRENCH WARFARE http://www.schoolhistory.co.uk/gcselinks/wars/firstwwlinks/worksheets/trenchesmiddle.pdf

25. ANATOMY OF A TRENCH http://www.schoolhistory.co.uk/gcselinks/wars/firstwwlinks/worksheets/trencheslower.pdf

26. Poetry from the First World War was written by soldiers who served at the Western Front. They saw the horrors of War first hand. They wrote about what they really saw. Their poems were published just after the war, so they were not censored. They are first hand and often unbiased sources.

27. Battle of the Somme - documentary Great Britain government sponsors filming the Battle on the Western Front and show back home in movie theaters Great Britain’s public so outraged that large call to leave the war occurs Rarely, if ever, has accurate documentaries appeared during wartime of a conflict since then

28. Why did the U.S. enter World War I? President Wilson had wanted the U.S. to remain neutral and not get pulled into World War I. Wilson's Declaration of Neutrality

29. USA’s biases -Connection to Great Britain as a fellow English speaking country -over 80% of all weapons trade done in the beginning of the war was done with Great Britain (who dominated the seas and thus trade)

30. Rising Tensions In 1915 a German U-Boat sank The Lusitania, a British passenger liner. 124 Americans were killed on board this ship. The Germans tried to prevent shipments from reaching the British and attacked U.S. merchant ships en route to Britain. British and USA often transported weapons on passenger ships to reach the Entente fighters. This all shifted American opinion against Germany. Wilson's note to Germany

31. http://rutlandhs.k12.vt.us/jpeterso/uboatcar.htm

32. The Zimmerman Telegram The Zimmerman Note (Background and the telegram itself).The Zimmerman Note Germany promises Mexico a return of the territories it lost in the Mexican-American War if they attack USA Telegram easily decoded – creates public outcry in USA

33. http://rutlandhs.k12.vt.us/jpeterso/MOREWW1/ZMMRMN.JPG The U.S. entered the War on April 2, 1917

34. When it was all over… More than 8.5 million were dead 17 million wounded Famine and disease were widespread in many regions. http://virus.stanford.edu/uda/ The financial cost of the war is said to have amounted to almost $38 billion for Germany alone; Britain spent $35 billion, France $24 billion, Russia $22 billion, USA $22 billion and Austria-Hungary $20 billion. In total the war cost the Allies around $125 billion; the Central Powers $60 billion. (Firstworldwar.com)