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PRECISION LIGHTWEIGHT GPS RECEIVER (PLGR)
I work for the GPS JPO at LA AFB for US Space Command and AFMC we’re our office is 3,000 miles down the hallway at Robins AFB
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AGENDA PURPOSE GPS CONCEPT PHYSICAL FEATURES CHARACTERISTICS
PLGR OPERATION OBJECTIVES PLGR NAVIGATION PRACTICAL EXERCISE CONCLUSION
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PURPOSE ENABLE THE USER TO OPERATE THE AN/PSN-11, PRECISION LIGHTWEIGHT GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM (GPS) RECEIVER, TO FIND POSITIONAL DATA AND NAVIGATE FROM POINT TO POINT.
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GPS CONCEPT 24 SATELLITES IN 6 ORBITS, 6-9 ARE IN VIEW OF THE GPS RECEIVER AT ANY TIME REQUIRES A MINIMUM OF 3 SATELLITES FOR LOCATION AND 4 FOR ELEVATION UTILIZES PRECISE TIMING FROM SATELLITE TO RECEIVER TO DETERMINE LOCATION AND ELEVATION REQUIRES LINE OF SIGHT TO SATELLITE RCVR COMSEC ALLOWS MAXIMUM ACCURACY
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GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM
GPS Satellite GPS Satellite GPS Satellite GPS Satellite How GPS works, radio signals that provide data that the receiver calculates it’s position from Constellation of 24 active SVs at an orbit of 10,900 n.mi. or 12,500 miles but we’ve launched more than 30 SVs Guaranteed to receive 4 SVs any where in the world but you’ll most likely see about 8 L1 at 1575 MHz at -160 dBw L2 at 1227 MHz at -166 dBw LOCATION AND ELEVATION DETERMINED BY SIGNAL TIMING FROM SATELLITE TO GPS RECEIVER. GPS User Segment
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PHYSICAL FEATURES DO NOT HIT CLR/MARK AND NUM/LOCK OR YOU WILL
POWER BATTERY COVER KYK-13/KOI-18/ANCD CONNECTOR (COMSEC) DO NOT HIT CLR/MARK AND NUM/LOCK OR YOU WILL ZEROIZE THE DEVICE REAR PANEL CONNECTORS DISPLAY INTEGRAL ANTENNA KEYPAD HANDLE MEMORY BATTERY COVER
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PLGR CHARACTERISTICS ALL WEATHER OPERATION
NO SIGNALS EMITTED TO REVEAL YOUR POSITION HOLDS 52 DATUMS IS COMPATIBLE WITH NIGHT VISION DEVICES RESISTS JAMMING (SPOOFING) WATER-PROOF TO ONE METER RUNS ON INTERNAL BATTERIES OR EXTERNAL POWER SOURCE LITHIUM OR AA BATTERY ADAPTER ADAPTER FOR 12 VDC OR 120 VAC Size driven by usage with gloves and MOP gear Designed to operate from -4F to +158F
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PLGR OPERATION OBJECTIVES
SETUP THE PLGR TO RECEIVE SATELLITE DATA. DETERMINE YOUR PRESENT POSITION INITIALIZE THE PLGR ENTER WAYPOINTS NAVIGATE TO A WAYPOINT
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PLGR Cold Start or Standby
If PLGR has not been used for a month or more or if the Almanac is old Present position greater than one degree from last known position Standby: PLGR has been used within a few days AND present position within one degree of last known position Cold start and standby are unofficial terms
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PLGR Cold Start Physical check Self-test check Power battery check
Verify crypto loaded Crypto loaded: SV equals all-Y Crypto not loaded: SV equals mixed Set operation mode to Continuous Initialize position Monitor FOM (=1) and almanac age (1 day) Load waypoints Start up procedure
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PLGR Standby Physical check Power battery check
Set operation mode to Continuous and SV type to mixed Monitor FOM (=1) and almanac age (1 day) and load waypoints Make a physical inspection Note battery life during power up Set continuous and mixed Wait for FOM, should take less than three minutes typically about one minute Waypoints should be loaded Deploy for mission
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TURNING ON THE PLGR FIX OLD 17S KS 45357e 34511n El +00134m P 1 ON 2 3
BRT 2 3 MENU FIX OLD 17S KS e n El m P 4 5 6 7 WP 8 POS 9 NAV PRESS ON BRT TO TURN RCVR ON RIGHT/LEFT ARROWS MOVES CURSORS BETWEEN THE SELECTIONS UP AND DOWN ARROWS TOGGLE MENU OPTIONS CLR MARK OFF NUM LOCK
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PHYSICAL CHECK Inspect PLGR for: Dents, scratches, punctures
Unreadable data plates Keys for cracks, breaks, unreadable markings Display window for cracks or cloudy Missing or loose hardware antenna covers connectors If physical damage is found, then notify responsible division for further instructions
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SELF-TEST CHECK Upon power up - self-test status will be displayed Or
move select STATUS SETUP INIT TEST HELP <more> P 3 MENU STS - self test summary GPS - good or <3 SV Note result of self-test Antenna and power source STS GPS good Self-Test OK Internal antenna Vehicle power P 5
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POWER BATTERY CHECK Tan PLGR - 10 hrs, Green PLGR - 20 hrs
Upon power up - battery status will be displayed Or move select STATUS SETUP INIT TEST HELP <more> P 3 MENU Manual reset when installing a new battery or edit for a used power battery BATTERY:BA-5800 non-rechargeable 01h23m used RST 08h37m left P 5 5
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PLGR BATTERIES Memory Battery - not a AA battery, but AA size, replace yearly when loading new crypto Power Battery - disposable Tan case - 10 hours Green case - 20 hours Memory battery 3.6 VDC Power Battery 12 VDC, BA-5800 LiSO2, or rechargeable NiCad, or 8 AA
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BACKLIGHTING Hold the ON/BRT key and press the Up-arrow key.
2 Hold the ON/BRT key and press the Up-arrow key. This increases the display backlighting 1 ON BRT 5 Hold the ON/BRT key and press the Down-arrow key. This reduces the display backlighting
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CRYPTO CHECK STATUS SETUP INIT TEST HELP <more> P
move select STATUS SETUP INIT TEST HELP <more> P 1 ON BRT 2 3 MENU 4 5 6 DATA-XFR SV-SEL DOP-CALC ALERTS SINCGARS KOI-18 CRYPTO <more> P 7 WP 8 POS 9 NAV Dual function keypad where each key has two functions Turn On with ON BRT key - also for back light Up Down key for entering an option or scrolling through selections Num Lock Key - changes key to numeric with N replacing P bot rgt of scrn Menu Key for menu screens Left Right keys to move cursor, cursor is highlighted area WP key for waypoint screens POS key for position screens NAV key for navigation to a waypoint CLR Mark to clear a field or mark a location as a waypoint Zeroize by depressing CLR/MARK and NUM/LOCK simultaneously CUSTOM NAV <more> P CLR MARK OFF NUM LOCK
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PLGR KEYPAD MENU SCREEN
move select STATUS SETUP INIT TEST HELP <more> P 1 ON BRT 2 3 MENU 4 5 6 DATA-XFR SV-SEL DOP-CALC ALERTS SINCGARS KOI-18 CRYPTO <more> P 7 WP 8 POS 9 NAV Dual function keypad where each key has two functions Turn On with ON BRT key - also for back light Up Down key for entering an option or scrolling through selections Num Lock Key - changes key to numeric with N replacing P bot rgt of scrn Menu Key for menu screens Left Right keys to move cursor, cursor is highlighted area WP key for waypoint screens POS key for position screens NAV key for navigation to a waypoint CLR Mark to clear a field or mark a location as a waypoint Zeroize by depressing CLR/MARK and NUM/LOCK simultaneously CUSTOM NAV <more> P CLR MARK OFF NUM LOCK
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PLGR SETUP SCREENS SETUP MODE Mode of Operation, satellite type
SETUP UNITS Coordinate system, units, north reference SETUP MAGVAR Magnetic Variation (MAGVAR) SETUP Local time SETUP DTM Datum, timer 11 Setup screens total Big picture of what needs to be set in the PLGR Magnetic variation is also called MAGVAR some maps use “declination”
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SETUP MODE Mode of Operation, SV-Type
SETUP MODE: FIX Quick POS FIX, then STBY SV-TYPE:all-Y P CONT FIX AVG TIME STBY 2dTNG 3dTNG RHRSL SV IS SATELLITE VARIABLE MIXED IS SUSCEPTIBLE TO JAMMING AND SPOOFING All-Y uses encrypted signals only, not all SVs radiate an encrypted signal mixed all-Y
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SETUP UNITS SETUP UNITS MGRS-New Metric Elev:Feet MSL ANGL:Deg Mag P
MGRS-Old MGRS-New UTM/UPS L/L-dm L/L-dms BNG ITMG Metric English NAUT Position display format Metric - meters, kilometers, km/hr English - feet, miles, mph Nautical - yards, nmi, knots Convert between L/L and MGRS True Mag Grid
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POSITION SCREEN (Coordinate System)
MGRS UTM/UPS CONT ±100ft 12A MGRS-New AA 12345e 12345n Elh ftD P CONT ±100ft 12A UTM/UPS e n Elh ftD P CONT - operation mode ±100ft - position error MGRS - Military Grid Reference System 12 - zone number, A - zone letter AA grid square and 12345e 12345n coordinates UTM/UPS - Universal Transverse Mercator/Universal Polar Stereographic e n coordinates Elh elevation in feet to D or map datum for elevation reference
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Position Screen (Coordinate System)
L/L dm L/L dms CONT FOM=1 N 1234’56.78” W 01234’56.78” Elh ftM P CONT ±100ft N 1234.567’ W 01234.567’ Elh ftD P FOM - Figure of Merit - another way of displaying estimated position error FOM = 1 or max error of 82 ft or 27 yds FOM=2 55 yds FOM=3 82 yds FOM= yds FOM= yds FOM=9 5,466 yds about 3 miles
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SETUP MAGVAR Magnetic Variation
TYPE: Calc deg WMM 1995 P degrees deg min Mil- Mil-µ is a Gunner’s mil where 6400 MILS = 360 degrees
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SETUP Elevation Hold,Time Display & Error Format
Elhold: automatic TIME: Loc=Z-04:30 ERR: FOM P automatic manual FOM +m
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MAP DATUM SETUP DTM:WGD WGS-84 AUTOMATIC OFF TIMER: 5min P
Datum Code Datum Description SETUP DTM:WGD WGS-84 AUTOMATIC OFF TIMER: 5min P off 5 minutes 15 seconds 20 minutes
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MAP DATUM A datum is a surveyed line or point that ensures all maps within a series will correctly match when placed edge to edge. Fifty-two map Datum sets are available within the PLGR. These are just a few examples of datum's PLGR datum should match the map/chart your operating with
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SETUP I/O SETUP I/O SERIAL:Standard HAVEQUICK: Off 1PPS: Off P
Serial port communications when interfacing with a PC or laptop Standard is 9600 BPS Instrumentation is set for 19,200 BPS input and 76,800 BPS output Custom is set for NMEA format or a range of available I/O baud rates AUTOMARK sets the PLGR to automatically mark positions
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AUTOMARK SETUP AUTOMARK MODE: off WP001 01-13-00 1300L
REPEAT 00h00m P off once rpt
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PLGR CRYPTO NSA certified that the PLGR is considered unclassified when keyed. Loaded yearly or as required Can be loaded with KYK-13, KOI-18, CYZ-10 Key material gives the PLGR greater accuracy in positioning by accessing secure satellites too ANCD - Automated Net Control Device SINCGARS - Single Channel Ground/Airborne Radio System so that SINCGARS Time Fill Data can be loaded from a PLGR to a SINCGARS radio AKAT for punched tape, AKAK for decimal or hexadecimal
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POSITION SCREENS CONT OLD 17S MGRS-New KS 45367e 34511n Elh +00123m P
8 POS 0859:34L >10ms SAT TRK M GS kph P TRACK / SEARCH / #VIS: 9 #GOOD: 7 ALM AGE: 1day P FOM FIGURE OF MERIT Must be moving for a track/bearing and ground speed Must have clear view of sky ALM age is how old the almanac data of constellation of SVs SVs ON THE LEFT OF THE / ARE BEING TRACKED. THOSE ON THE RIGHT ARE BEING SEARCHED. VIS NUMBER OF SATELLITES VISIBLE GOOD NUMBER OF SATELLITES THAT ARE IN GOOD HEALTH OUT OF THOSE TRACKED ALMANAC AGE A RCVR THAT TRACKS FOR MIN. WILL DOWNLOAD A CURRENT ALMANAC
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PRESENT POSITION CONT OLD 17S KS 45367e 34511n El +00125m P
Can display Romeo time with offset to Zulu for local Selection of map datum PLGR has automatic timer to turn off if no keys are depressed
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DYNAMIC INFORMATION 1135:05L >10ms 02-12-00 SAT TRK 104.7M
GS 4mph P TRK IS AZIMUTH OF TRAVEL GS GROUND SPEED
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TRACK/SEARCH TRACK/SEARCH 12 09 08 23 / 19 #VIS:9 #GOOD:9
/ 19 #VIS:9 #GOOD:9 ALM AGE:1day P
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PLGR INITIALIZATION The PLGR has the ability to determine its’ present position, time, date, track and ground speed without any operator input.
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INITIALIZE POSITION Determine approx coordinates and elevation
move select STATUS SETUP INIT TEST HELP <more> P 3 MENU If the PLGR is really lost, or if the acquisition is taking up to fifteen minutes or longer, then initialize the position. Deep search may take hours If a message appears that INIT is not required, then the PLGR is initialized. Will usually display the last known position INIT POS CLR 17S KS 45367e 34511n Elh ft P 5
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HOW TO ENTER A WAYPOINT A waypoint is the location of a point
on a desired course described by coordinates or a physical location. You can enter waypoints into the PLGR by map coordinates or by a known range, or azimuth from your present position. It’s much easier to mark and edit then entering a new waypoint
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WAYPOINT MENU (1000 WAYPOINTS: 0-999)
PRESS WP <move> SEL ENTER EDIT COPY SR-CALC RNG-CALC DIST CLEAR ROUTE 7 WPT PRESS 5
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WAYPOINT WP001 UNUSED001 B MGRS-New AN 00000e 00000n No EL CLR P
WAYPOINT NAME WAYPOINT # WP001 UNUSED001 B MGRS-New AN 00000e n No EL CLR P GRID ZONE DESIGNATOR 100KM SQUARE DESIGNATION GRID ELEVATION Waypoints maybe different dependent on how many are loaded already. CLEAR ENTRY
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MARKING POSITION MARK position to WP:03 MARK03 MARK: saves Save
ON: cancels PRESS Save CLR MARK CLR MARK Waypoint 42 is the next available waypoint number Pressing CLR/MARK saves current position as a waypoint Pressing ON/BRT cancels the marking operation Cancel Waypoint 1 ON BRT
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MARKING POSITION WAYPOINT MARKED
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EDITING A WAYPOINT Pull up the waypoint PRESS PRESS PRESS A B C : M Z
1 2 = Pull up the waypoint PRESS PRESS WP <move> SEL ENTER EDIT COPY SR-CALC RNG-CALC DIST CLEAR ROUTE 7 WP 5 After selecting and entering EDIT Scroll through waypoints available with up/down keys 42 is the waypoint to be edited Arrow right to highlight title and edit, arrow right to next field Lat degrees and edit .. . PRESS WP: 42 MARK42 N 1234’56.78” W 01234’56.78” Elh ft P WP: MARK42 N 1234’56.78” W 01234’56.78” Elh ft P 6
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There are four navigating modes that may be accessed and selected.
PLGR NAVIGATION Navigating is using the PLGR to locate various points on a map relative to your position. There are four navigating modes that may be accessed and selected. NAVIGATION MODES SLOW SPEEDS LESS THAN 1.5 KM PER HOUR 2D FAST SPEEDS GREATER THAN 1.5 KM/HOUR GROUND OR VEHICULAR 3D FAST FOR AVIATION USE CUSTOM SEE MANUAL
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NAVIGATION PRESS SLOW DIRECT WP001 MARK001 P 9 NAV 5 PRESS
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NAVIGATION SCREEN 2D FAST DIRECT WP001 MARK001 P PRESS THREE PRESS
TIMES 6 5 PRESS ONCE
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NAVIGATION SCREEN WP001 30m TRK 95.5ºM AZ 185.0ºM STR 30.5 P PRESS 5
WAYPOINT # CURRENT HEADING AZ TO WP STEER ANGLE POSITION ACCURACY WP m TRK 95.5ºM AZ 185.0ºM STR P Waypoint title Figure of Merit Heading based on direction of PLGR movement and not orientation Speed Which way to steer and by how many degrees is also based on direction of PLGR movement and not orientation Range to waypoint Must be moving for track, speed, 2 dimension steering PRESS 5
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NAVIGATION SCREEN RNG 60.0m TTG 0020:15 ELD +00003.0m MMD2 60.5 P
RANGE TIME TO GRID ELEV. DIFF MIN MISS DIFFERENCE RNG m TTG 0020:15 ELD m MMD P Best FOM = 3 or about 100 yds error
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Navigating to a Waypoint
FAST SLOW 2D FAST CUSTOM SLOW DIRECT WP: MARK43 P 9 NAV MARK OLD TRK n/a n/a STR n/a RNG yds P Press NAV key for waypoint selection screen Select waypoint with up/down keys Arrow right or left to access navigation parameters screen 6
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Navigating to a Waypoint
MARK OLD TRK 30 T kts STR 60 RNG yds P MARK OLD TRK 90 T kts STR RNG yds P True North True North TRK 30 You are this dot and moving TRK TRK for track is your heading relative to True North PLGR designed to take you around the waypoint when you get close to it, not directly over it because of marking munitions i.e. land mines Destination Waypoint Destination Waypoint STR 60 STR 50 yds 35 yds 50 yds
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Mission Planning Software
Load waypoints and routes created/saved as files Emulate PLGR screen on to a lap top or PC Load almanac data Load PLGR display parameters Navigation parameters Units
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Practical Exercise
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CONCLUSION The PLGR is a great tool for navigation, but it takes training to ensure continued proficiency in the use of the device and still requires each soldier to understand military map and land navigation techniques.
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