2. 1. The fact that Political Science began as a separate department at Hebrew University in Jerusalem led to the lack of pluralism. 2. Adoption of the current American model of Social Sciences began with professional training in the United States, publication in American journals, among others. 3. The previous trend inclined towards imitation of the British in classic Comparative Politics and International Relations; the German model of Political Thought and Philosophy, and sometimes even of the French Political Science model.

3. 4. At present, there are seven universities in Israel. Political Science does not exist at the Weizmann Institute or in the Technion, although the Technion offers Management Studies which overlap with Political Science in some areas. At the University of the Negev in Beersheba, there is no Department of Political Science. It is included in a general Department of Behavioral Studies. At the other four universities, Political Science exists as a separate department in various formats. At Bar Ilan University and at Haifa University- there in one general department. At Hebrew University in Jerusalem, Political Science is separated from International Relations and there is a separate School of Public Management. At Tel Aviv University, there is a separate program of Public Management

4. 5. The Israeli Political Science Association is an organization which has several hundred members but few activities. There is a dearth of serious journals in Hebrew due to the preference for writing in English. 6. The orientation of Political Science in Israel is international, aiming at international standards, which are considered especially high and which are attractive to researchers who desire to participate in competitive research based on high standards. 7. There are difficulties in teaching courses which deal with Israeli politics due to its tensions and rifts. Thus, courses in various areas of politics in Israel are lacking.

5. 8. There is a lack of balance between areas of interest and specialization of departments, and those which the students are interested in, due to the desire for studies which have practical application. 9. As research activity and publication are the sole criteria for lecturers in the department to advance, they have little desire to invest in teaching. Students, on the other hand, are more interested in superior teaching and less interested in advanced research. 10. In contrast to other countries, there is not enough effort made to make the field of Political Science relevant to current problems in Israeli society.

6. 11. Political Science in Israel tends to the left of the political spectrum (except for Bar Ilan University). 12. In other countries, Sociology tends to be on the Left politically while Political Science claims to be more realistic. The link between Right/Left and the perceptions of realistic/less realistic are not well enough developed in Israel. 13. In Israel, students of Political Science are older and work at full-time jobs, which puts a limit on their time and energy and this can be seen in the passivity in organization and interests. 14. The level of prestige of Political science is similer in israel and abroad

7. 15. Actually, due to the fact that students are older and have experienced more serious life situations, the Israeli student is more mature and more able to deal with the complexities of political ideas and situations. As the student lacks political motivation, s/he can discuss politics with more depth and courage. 16. At American Universities, the B.A. degree is not recognized as a higher degree. For the first two years, the students take general knowledge courses in four areas, and they then specialize in a specific area. In these two years, the students gain additional skills to improve his/her learning and writing, but they do not provide learning in depth which will lead to later specialization. In Israel, there is a demand for specialization for a B.A. in two fields of study with the assumption that three years is sufficient for this specialization. At present, there is more and more acceptance that only an M.A. grants professional expertise.

8. 17. Regarding the qualifications for expertise in Political Science, in the past, knowledge of foreign languages, mathematics, statistics and computer studies has been demanded. At present, the trend towards pluralism has led to these demands being considered unnecessary for students who see them as coming at the price of less investment in more realistic political science. 18. In contrast to the American and European student, the Israeli student spends more time in classroom learning and less time on individual work.