1. Minerals Minerals are all around us

2. Today you will learn Fascinating Fact The elements oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, magnesium, calcium, potassium, and sodium make up 75 percent of all minerals on Earth. What the characteristics of minerals are How minerals are classified into groups Which mineral group is most common

3. Just a box of rocks BACKGROUND: Scientists have identified over 2000 different minerals in the earth's crust. 75% of the earth's crust is composed of about a dozen different rock-forming minerals. The rocks composed of these minerals can be formed in three different ways. Scientists can learn many different things about a rock by observing and classifying it.

4. What is a mineral? Naturally occurring solid formed from elements or compounds in Earth’s crust All minerals are inorganic Minerals are the building blocks of rocks

5. What is a mineral? A mineral may be an element or a compound MineralFormula GoldAu SilverAg CopperCu QuartzSiO2 GalenaPbS

6. Metal Minerals Aluminum, iron, copper, and silver are examples of metal minerals Recovered for use are called mineral resources Useful- stretched into wire, flattened into sheets, hammered Figure 2-14 pg. 47

7. Mineral characteristic #1 occurs naturally not artificial or man- made

8. Mineral characteristic #2 Solid not a liquid or a gas Platinum (It might take two billion tons of ore to produce one pound of platinum!)

9. Mineral characteristic #3 Definite chemical composition Some minerals like gold or silver are made of only one element.element Other minerals, like quartz and calcite, are combinations of two or more elements.

10. Mineral characteristic #4 atoms arranged in an orderly pattern Minerals are usually solid crystals. They have a number of flat surfaces in an orderly arrangement. For example, a crystal of quartz is always hexagonal because of the way the atoms of silicon and oxygen join together.crystals

11. Mineral characteristic #5 Inorganic - not alive and never alive

12. SNIFE S olid Not Liquid or Gas or Plasma Naturally Occurring Not Human-Made Inorganic Not Alive - Never Was Fixed Composition Same Recipe, Everywhere, Every Time Element or Compound Not a Mixture

13. Identifying Minerals Physical properties- characteristics that can be observed or measured Describe the physical properties of iron. Other physical properties - color, streak, luster, hardness

14. Color and Streak Many minerals are the same color Some are more than one color Ex. Quartz- purple, yellow, pink, or colorless Malachite is always green Azurite is always blue

15. Streak Streak- color of the powder left by a mineral Streak of a mineral will always be the same for that mineral Chalk is made from the mineral calcite Leaves a white powder behind CaCO3

16. Luster The way a mineral’s surface reflects light Metallic or nonmetallic luster Metallic will shine like new coins Nonmetallic will look waxy, glassy, or dull

17. Hardness Hardness- relates to how much it resists being scratched Moh’s scale ranks ten minerals in hardness High number can scratch any mineral that has a low number Lower number cannot scratch a mineral with a higher number

18. Moh’s Hardness Scale