1. Section 2: The Cold War Heats Up By the end of this lesson, I will be able to: 1. Explain how Communists came to power in China and how the United States reacted. 2. Summarize the events of the Korean War 3. Explain the conflict between President Truman and General MacArthur.

2. Section Two: The Cold War Heats Up Main Idea: After World War II, China became a communist nation and Korea was split into a communist north and a democratic south. Why it Matters Now: Ongoing tensions with China and North Korea continue to involve the United States. Key Terms: Chiang Kai-shek Mao Zedong Taiwan Key Terms: 38 th parallel Korean War

3. SECTION 2: THE COLD WAR HEATS UP CHINA: For two decades, Chinese communists had struggled against the nationalist government of Chiang Kai-Shek The U.S. supported Chiang and gave the Nationalist Party $3 billion in aid during WWII However, Mao Zedong’s Communist Party in China was strong, especially among Chinese peasants

4. CHINESE CIVIL WAR: 1944-1947 After Japan left China at the end of the War, Chinese Nationalists and Communists fought a bloody civil war Despite the U.S. sending $ billions to the Nationalists, the Communists under Mao won the war and ruled China Chiang and the Nationalists fled China to neighboring Taiwan Mao established the People’s Republic of China MAO Kai-Shek

5. AMERICA STUNNED The American public was shocked that China had fallen to the Communists Many believed containment had failed and communism was expanding American fear of communism and communist expansion was increasing

6. KOREAN WAR Japan had taken over Korea in 1910 and ruled it until August 1945 As WWII ended, Japanese troops north of the 38 th parallel (38 N Latitude) surrendered to the Soviets Japanese soldiers south of the 38 th surrendered to the Americans As in Germany, two nations developed, one communist (North Korea) and one democratic (South Korea) Soviet controlled U.S. controlled

7. NORTH KOREA ATTACKS SOUTH KOREA On June 25, 1950, North Korean forces swept across the 38 th parallel in a surprise attack on South Korea With only 500 U.S. troops in South Korea, the Soviets figured the Americans would not fight to save South Korea Instead, America sent troops, planes and ships to South Korea (Total UN forces 520,000 and 90% American) This attack started the Korean War

8. MACARTHUR’S COUNTERATTACK At first, North Korea seemed unstoppable However, General MacArthur launched a counterattack with tanks, heavy artillery, and troops Troops landed in the cities on Inchon and Pusan squeezing the NK troops into the middle Many North Koreans surrendered; others retreated across the 38 th parallel

9. CHINA JOINS THE FIGHT Just as it looked like the Americans were going to score a victory in the North, 300,000 Chinese soldiers joined the war on the side of the North Koreans In October of 1950, China’s Foreign Minister warned US NOT to come across the 38 th Parallel…Macarthur relayed that no threat was really credible and boasted troops would be home by Thanksgiving! Unfortunately…Chinese overran the American/SK forces and captured Seoul for the 2 nd time on January 4, 1951 The fight between North and South Korea had turned into a war in which the main opponents were Chinese Communists vs. America

10. MACARTHUR RECOMMENDS ATTACKING CHINA To halt the bloody stalemate, General MacArthur called for an extension of the war into China Furthermore, MacArthur called for the U.S. to drop atomic bombs on several Chinese cities President Truman rejected the General’s requests

11. MACARTHUR VS. TRUMAN MacArthur continued to urge President Truman to attack China and tried to go behind Truman’s back – Truman was furious with his general On April 1, 1951, Truman made the shocking announcement that he had fired MacArthur Americans were surprised and many still supported their fallen general Macarthur was given a ticker- tape parade

12. AN ARMISTICE IS SIGNED Negotiators began working on a settlement as early as the summer of 1951 Finally, in July 1953, an agreement was signed that ended the war in a stalemate (38th parallel) America’s cost: 54,000 lives and $67 billion Korean War Memorial, Washington D.C.

13. Discussion: Turn and Talk 1. What do you suppose were some of the reasons why American troops had trouble fighting this war? 2. In what ways did American troops underestimate their enemies? 3. Do you think we should have aided the South Koreans in this war? 4. Do you blame China for getting involved in the conflict? 5. Were you surprised at the outcome of the war? Why or why not?

14. What happened to George? He was marched for weeks to what became known as “Bean Camp” because they only got eat uncooked soybeans. He was tortured, confined to a filthy small cell and covered with lice…which he removed himself, one by one! George had to deal with burying his dead friends only to find that the Chinese dug up the bodies to steal clothes and shoes. George endured a second death march and was brutally beaten for resting.