1. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Michael Leonard

2. What is SARS? A viral respiratory illness caused by a coronavirus, called SARS- associated coronavirus (SARS- CoV) Single-stranded RNA First developed in animals Virus found in civets - a cat- like wild animal eaten as a delicacy in China First appeared in southern China in November 2002 Recognized as a global threat in March 2003

4. Discovery of SARS First described on February 26, 2003 WHO physician Dr. Carlo Urbani Diagnosed 48-year-old businessman traveling from Guangdong, China, through Hong Kong, to Hanoi, Vietnam Patient died, and Dr. Urbani subsequently died on March 29, 2003 at age 46

5. SARS Outbreak of 2003 According to the World Health Organization (WHO), an international outbreak, which ended in July 2003, involved 26 countries, 8,098 cases, and 774 deaths.

6. How SARS Spreads Person-to-person-contact Infected person coughing or sneezing Respiratory droplets deposited on the mucous membranes of the mouth, nose, or eyes of others nearby Touching a contaminated surface or object and then touching your mouth, nose, or eyes Possible that SARS may be spread through the air or by other ways that are not yet known

7. SARS Symptoms High Fever Headaches Sore throat Body Aches Fatigue Shortness of breath (≥100.4°F) Diarrhea Dry cough Pneumonia

8. SARS Testing Patient Testing Blood clotting tests Blood chemistries Chest X-ray or CT scan Complete blood count (CBC ) Laboratory Testing Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test for blood, stool, and nasal secretions Serologic testing to detect SARS-CoV antibodies Viral culture to detect SARS-CoV

9. SARS Treatment Antibiotics to treat bacterial causes of atypical pneumonia Antiviral medications Ribavirin Have had some but not much benefit Immunomodulatory drugs Interferon and corticosteroids increase the amount of oxygen in the blood Steroids to reduce lung inflammation Oxygen, breathing support, or chest physiotherapy ** Other treatments have shown promise in in-vitro or animal models.

10. SARS Treatment 1/3 (33%) of people with SARS become ill and then recover. Gets worse in 2/3 (67%) of patients and is likely to lead to hospitalization Risk of dying depends on age and health Greatest risk is people over 65 an those with chronic illnesses, such as diabetes and heart disease 9 out of 10 people infected with SARS recover. 1 out of 10 people dies.

12. Prevention Wash your hands. Wear disposable gloves. Wear a surgical mask. Wash personal items. Disinfect surfaces.

13. Sources “Fact Sheet: Basic Information About SARS.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. N.p., 3 May 2005. Web. 7 Mar. 2011.. Kaufman, David A., M.D. “Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).” MedlinePlus. U.S. National Lib. of Medicine, National Inst. of Health, 2 Mar. 2009. Web. 7 Mar. 2011.. Poutanen, Susan M., and Allison J. McGeer. “Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).” AccessScience. The McGraw-Hill Companies, 2011. Web. 7 Mar. 2011.. “Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).” Mayo Clinic. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MFMER), 6 Jan. 2011. Web. 7 Mar. 2011.. “Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) - Overview.” WebMD. N.p., 13 July 2009. Web. 7 Mar. 2011..

14. Any Questions? Thank You