1. Influenza Annual Training Health, healing and hope.
The Flu and You
Influenza Annual Training
To every patient, every time, we will provide the care that we would want for our own loved ones.
Health, healing and hope.

2. Objectives This module will cover the following content:
What is Influenza?
Signs and Symptoms
Complications of Influenza
Vaccination
Respiratory Etiquette
Treatment
Patient Care

3. Influenza
Influenza is also known as the “flu.” It is a contagious virus that can cause severe respiratory infection in its host. The flu is NOT a stomach virus.

4. Symptoms of Influenza
People who have the flu often feel some or all of these symptoms:
Fever, or feeling feverish/chills
Cough
Sore throat
Runny or stuffy nose
Muscle or body aches
Headaches
Fatigue (very tired)
Some people may have vomiting and diarrhea, though this is more common in children than adults.
*It’s important to note that not everyone with flu will have a fever.

5. How Flu Spreads
Most experts believe that flu viruses spread mainly by droplets made when people with flu cough, sneeze or talk. These droplets can land in the mouths, noses and eyes of people who are nearby. Less often, a person might also get flu by touching a surface or object that has flu virus on it and then touching their own mouth, eyes or nose.
Droplet Spread
Coughing and sneezing generate the droplets that carry the virus.

6. Period of Contagiousness
You can pass on the flu to someone else before you know you are sick, as well as while you are sick.
Most healthy adults may be able to infect others beginning 1 day before symptoms develop and up to 5-7 days after becoming sick.
Children and people with weakened immune systems, are able to infect others for an even longer time.

7. Complications of Flu Complications of flu can include:
Bacterial pneumonia
Ear infections
Sinus infections, dehydration
Worsening of chronic medical conditions, such as congestive heart failure, asthma, or diabetes

8. Severity of Flu
On average, the flu virus kills 36,000 Americans every year.
○During a mild flu season, the U.S. averages 17,000 deaths.
○During a severe flu season, over 50,000 Americans die.
Usually the victims are 65 years of age and older.
With H1N1 in , most deaths were among those younger than 65 years of age.

9. Flu Prevention
The best way to prevent disease is to be “immune” to that disease.
The single best way to prevent the flu is to get a flu vaccine each season.
About two weeks after the vaccination, antibodies develop that protect against influenza virus infection.

10. Influenza Vaccines
The “flu shot” – an inactivated vaccine (containing killed virus) that is given with a needle. The seasonal flu shot is approved for use in people 6 months of age and older, including healthy people, people with chronic medical conditions and pregnant women.
The “nasal-spray flu vaccine” – a vaccine made with live, weakened flu viruses that do not cause the flu (sometimes called LAIV for “Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine”). LAIV is approved for use in healthy people
2-49 years of age who are not pregnant.

11. Healthcare Workers and Vaccination
GBMC has made the seasonal influenza vaccine mandatory to protect our patients, you and your family.
This policy was adopted because it is know that the flu vaccine is very safe, with very few contraindications.
Also, studies show that when healthcare workers are vaccinated, patients have a decreased risk of developing the flu.

12. When Should I Be Vaccinated?
Yearly flu vaccination should begin as soon as the vaccine is available.
It should continue throughout the flu season which can last as late as May.
This is because the timing and duration of the flu season varies. While the flu season can begin as early as October, most of the time seasonal flu activity peaks in January or later.

13. What are the Contraindications to Vaccination?
People who have a severe (anaphylactic) allergy to chicken eggs.
People who have had a severe (anaphylactic) reaction to an influenza vaccination in the past.
People who develop Guillian-Barré syndrome (GBS) within six weeks of getting an influenza vaccine previously.
Children younger that 6 months of age (influenza vaccine is not approved for use in this age group).
People who have a moderate or severe illness with a fever should wait to get vaccinated until their symptoms lessen.

14. High Risk Groups that Should Be Vaccinated
Everyone 6 months of age and older should get vaccinated against the flu as soon as the seasonal vaccine is available.
People at high risk of serious flu complications include young children, pregnant women, people with chronic health conditions like asthma, diabetes or heart and lung disease and people 65 years and older.
Vaccination of high risk persons is especially important to decrease their risk of severe flu illness.
Vaccination is also important for health care workers, and other people who live with or care for high risk people to keep from
spreading flu to high risk people.
Children younger than 6 months are at high risk of serious flu illness, but are too young to be vaccinated. People who care for them should be vaccinated instead.

15. Influenza Prevention Respiratory Etiquette
Other ways you can prevent Influenza include good respiratory hygiene.
○Cover your cough/sneeze with your elbow (not your hands).
○Wash your hand frequently.
○Discard your tissues quickly into the appropriate trash
receptacles.
○Keep 3 feet distance between someone coughing and
sneezing.

16. Treatment for Influenza
If you or a family member get the flu, the CDC recommends the following:
○Stay home from work and keep your children home
from school.
○Drink plenty of fluids and get plenty of rest.
○Usually over-the-counter anti-fever medications help
with the symptoms.
○Antiviral medications may sometimes be prescribed to
help lessen the duration of the infection.

17. Emergency Warning Signs
In Children:
Fast breathing or trouble
breathing
Bluish skin color
Not drinking enough fluids
Not waking up or not
interacting
Being so irritable that the
child does not want to be held
Flu-like symptoms improve
but then return with fever and
worse cough
Fever with a rash
In Adults
Difficulty breathing or
shortness of breath
Pain or pressure in the chest
or abdomen
Sudden dizziness
Confusion
Severe or persistent vomiting
Flu-like symptoms that
improve but then return with
fever and worse cough

18. Flu Patients at GBMC
Seasonal Influenza patients are maintained on “droplet precautions.”
Droplet precautions requires wearing a mask/visor when
working within 3 feet of the patient.
A droplet precautions sign will hang on the patient’s door,
notifying you of the need to wear a mask/visor.