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Published byFlora Marshall Modified over 8 years ago
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Policy Making 4 chapters, 100 pages, 14 slides, You’re Welcome….
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Setting The Agenda The Political Agenda: “What are we going to make policy about?” What are legitimate issues to put on the agenda? Based on: Shared political values Custom and tradition Impact of events
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Scope of Government Action What is legitimate? – Always gets larger General belief that government should continue to do what “it always” has done Events change our perception
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What Prompts Change? Groups – Organized or disorganized – “Relative deprivation”: Worse than you expect – Can change values and beliefs of others Institutions – Courts – Bureaucracy – Senate Media – Power of Agenda Setting (Gatekeeper) The States
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Decision Making Now that something is on the agenda how is the decision made? – Determined by nature of the issue Impacts groups that become politically active Affects intensity of conflict Best viewed through Cost/Benefit Analysis – Cost: Any burden that people must bear (or expect to bear) from the policy – Benefit: Any satisfaction that people must receive (or expect to receive) from the policy – Viewed through perception and legitimacy (should that group benefit?)
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Types of Politics Majoritarian Politics – Distributed Benefits (large numbers) – Distributed Costs (large numbers) – Appeals to large group of voters – Examples Military “Obamacare”
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Types of Politics Interest Group Politics – Concentrated benefits (small number) – Concentrated costs (small numbers) – Debate between interest groups with minimal public involvement – Example Labor Unions v. Businesses
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Types of Politics Client Politics – Concentrated Benefits (small numbers) – Distributed Costs (large numbers) – Called “client” politics because those that benefit are getting policies that serve their needs – Examples Farm Subsidies Welfare
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Types of Politics Entrepreneurial Politics – Distributed Benefits (large numbers) – Concentrated Costs (small numbers) – Success dependent on… A policy entepreneur who works on behalf of unorganized majority OR Large number of voters or legislators become frustrated with another’s benefits – Examples Seat belts in all cars Superfund for environmental clean up
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Types of Politics Distributed BenefitsConcentrated Benefits Distributed CostsMajoritarianClient Concentrated CostsEntrepreneurialInterest Group
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Social Welfare in the United States Four Factors make us unique – Restrictive view on who is entitled to government assistance – Slower than other nations to embrace welfare – Large role for states and private institutions – Nongovernmental agencies play a role
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Two Kinds of Social Welfare Majoritarian – Social Security – Medicare Client Politics – Medicaid – Food Stamps – “Means Tested” – Legitimacy
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Social Welfare Entitlements – Programs that legally guarantee benefits to people who meet certain criteria – Examples Social Security Medicare Medicaid Issue – Hard to reform because benefits are “guaranteed” yet make up over 40% of federal budget (impacts budget process)
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War Powers Act Provisions – President can commit troops to hostile situations but must report to Congress within 48 hours – Initial commitment is 60 days and Congress can extend (they always have)
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