1. Fusion of Art & Science w w w. H u n t e r C o l e. o r g Hunter Cole Artist & Scientist Loyola University Chicago

3. Blue Self-Portrait 2001 Media: digital print, neon and plexiglass The background in "Blue" is the microscopic image of a developing wing of a butterfly provided by Biotechniques, Eaton Publishing and Dr. Paddock.

4. Contagious Beauty 2001

5. The Creation of Organs: Stem Cell Research, 2001

6. Madonna con Clon, 2001

7. Mother Tiktaalik 2009

8. From Ape to Woman 2010

9. From Ape to Woman 2010

10. Exploring Molecular Worlds, 1999 (mixed media: paint on plexiglass and x-ray films detecting DNA, RNA and protein)

12. Exploring Molecular Worlds, 1999, detail

13. Rosalind FranklinMaurice WilkinsJames Watson and Francis Crick The Discovery of DNA copyright ©2000 The Chemical Heritage Foundation

14. copyright ©2000 The Chemical Heritage Foundation Rosalind Franklin The first X-ray photograph of crystalline DNA in 1952. Source: http://www.genomicart.org/offerings.htm

15. Rosalind Franklin and the Discovery of DNA Structure 2002 (digital)

16. Randolfe Wicker The first human cloning activist

17. Let My Family Live! Portrait of Randolfe Wicker, the First Human Cloning Activist, 2001 (Digital)

18. Anthrax Clock, 2002

19. A Few Cells Create a Kidney and a New Life: Portrait of Shauna Anderson, 2002

20. Human Dog Spine Media: dog spine, neon and plexiglass 2001 Hunter Cole and Electric Eye Neon

22. The Art of Death: Viruses Are Beautiful!, 2001 Hunter Cole and Electric Eye Neon

23. The System Forgets Scientists Are Only Human: Laboratory Installation, 2001-2002

24. ART = Aerosol Resistant Tips Hunter Cole and Electric Eye Neon

25. Fralin Biotechnology Center at Virginia Tech DNA visualized in an Ethidium Bromide stained gel using a UV transilluminator

26. Hunter Cole and Electric Eye Neon The System Forgets Scientists Are Only Human: Laboratory Installation, 2001-2002 DNA running through an agarose gel DNA visualized with UV light. www.RadioactiveBiohazard.com

27. Hunter Cole Discussion with Peter McLeish on Art and Science July 18, 2003 Dialogue between Science and Art Workshop in Hluboka, Czech Republic

28. Hunter Cole Workshop title: “Does genetic engineering act as an accelerator of evolution? United principles of life and artistic perception” July 2003 Dialogue between Science and Art Workshop in Hluboka, Czech Republic Lecturer: Ondrej Scheinhost

29. Hunter Cole Colloquium title: “Amphioxus, evolution, and development, or why the chick, fish, fly, frog, mouse, and nematode aren't enough” October 20, 2003 UW-Milwaukee Lecturer: Linda Holland, Scripps Institution of Oceanography

30. chemiluminescence - light produced by a chemical reaction without the involvement of heat or flame, “cool light” bioluminescence - the emission of visible light caused by catalytic chemical reactions in certain organisms, such as glowworms, fireflies, jellyfish, and some fungi; chemiluminescent reactions that occur in living organisms are called bioluminescent reactions Sources: http://www.academicpress.com/inscight/03111999/biolumi1.htm http://scifun.chem.wisc.edu/HOMEEXPTS/Chemilum.html

31. Bioluminescence is not “fluorescence” or “phosphorescence,” although these terms are often mistakenly used to describe it.

32. Fluorescence and phosphorescence both involve absorbance of light energy followed by re-emission of light energy at a longer wavelength.

33. What all bioluminescence has in common: Luciferin: The light-emitting molecule Luciferase: The enzyme that catalyzes the energy transfer Oxygen: participates in the reaction

34. What types of organisms are bioluminescent?

35. Bacteria Dinoflagellates Radiolarians Fungi Animals

36. Bacteria Bacteria constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms.Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria have a number of shapes, ranging from spheres to rods and spirals.

38. Dinoflagellates The dinoflagellates are a large group of flagellate protists that constitute the phylum Dinoflagellata. Most are marine, but they are common in fresh water habitats as well.

39. This unique bay contains up to 720,000 non-toxic dinoflagellates per gallon of bay water. Each flash a strobe of bluish light when agitated at night and can create enought light to read a book from. www.biobay.com Bioluminescent Bay in Vieques Island, Puerto Rico

40. www.biobay.com Bioluminescent Bay in Vieques Island, Puerto Rico

45. Radiolarians The Radiolaria are protozoa of that produce intricate mineral skeletons, typically with a central capsule dividing the cell into the inner and outer portions.

47. Fungi A fungus is any member of a large group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms.

49. Animals Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms of the kingdom Animalia. Their body plan eventually becomes fixed as they develop, although some undergo a process of metamorphosis later on in their lives.

50. Bioluminescence is found in at least ten phyla of animals: -Cnidaria (jellyfish, etc.) -Ctenophora (comb jellies) -Nemertea (ribbon worms) -Nematoda (roundworms) -Annelida (segmented worms) -Chaetognaths (arrow worms) -Arthropoda (shrimp, copepods, etc.) -Molluska (snails, slugs, squid, etc.) -Echinodermata (sea cucumbers, brittle stars, etc.) -Chordata (many fish, and at least three tunicates)

51. Angler fish Linophryne coronata From Widder, 2010

52. Octopus Stauoteuthis sytensis From Widder, 2010

53. Tunicate Pyrosoma atlanticum From Widder, 2010

54. Light organs range in complexity from simple single cells to elaborate multicellular structures that modulate intensity, color, and directionality of light.

55. What is bioluminescence used for?

56. Defense (predator evasion): -startle predator -decoy -illuminate predator (“burglar alarm”) -camouflage (counterillumination)

57. Offense: -Lure prey (example: deep sea angler fish) -Illuminate prey (examples: flashlight fish, pinecone fish, possibly dragonfish)

58. Communication: -Mating (examples: ostracods, syllid polychaete worms) -Territoriality (example: flashlight fish)

59. Where is marine bioluminescence found?

60. Coastal and surface waters: -about 10% of organisms Midwater (~200-1200 meters): -about 90% of organisms Deep water (>1200 meters): -about 10% of organisms

61. Most marine bioluminescence is not found in the deepest, darkest regions of the ocean, but rather in the dimly lit midwater regions.

62. This gives us a clue as to its most prevalent use.

63. The position of most light organs gives us another clue. Most midwater organisms have ventral light organs, thus illuminating their undersides.

64. Of all the uses of marine bioluminescence, camouflage by counterillumination is thought to be the most prevalent.

65. It has been shown experimentally that counterilluminating marine organisms can adjust the intensity of their bioluminescence to match the intensity of the downwelling light.

66. Most marine bioluminescence is blue. Why?

67. Because in order for bioluminescence to be advantageous, it must be seen.

68. Surface light Light at 400 meters Water absorbs light

69. What we see What most midwater fish see Most midwater fish see only blue light

70. Some marine bioluminescence is not blue. Examples: -The jellyfish Aequorea emits green light. - At least one type of bacterium emits yellow light. - A type of dragonfish emits both blue and red light.

72. The red-emitting dragonfish is an interesting exception to the “rule” of blue visual sensitivity in midwater fish. The dragon fish can see both blue and red.

73. What we see What dragonfish see What most midwater fish see

74. This gives the dragonfish a “private wavelength” that other fish can’t see. Possible uses: -Predation. Illumination of prey without alerting them. -Communication with other dragonfish.

75. Drawings Created with Bioluminescent Bacteria Living Drawings

76. Viewing DNA Under the Moonlight bioluminescent bacteria, agar and Petri dishes, 2003

77. Rabbit, 2005

78. Mother, 2005

79. Her Own DNA, 2005

82. L I V I N G D R A W I N G S CREATED WITH BIOLUMINESCENT BACTERIA MOVIE Bioluminescence mp3 Duration: 9 min. 42 sec. soundLAB VII: soundCELEBRATION 10th anniversary of [NewMediaArtProjectNetwork]:||cologne

83. Biology through Art Course Student Bioluminescent Bacterial Drawing

84. Biology through Art Course Student Bioluminescent Bacterial Drawing

85. Biology through Art Course Student Bioluminescent Bacterial Drawing

86. Biology through Art Course Student Bioluminescent Bacterial Drawing

87. Biology through Art Course Student Bioluminescent Bacterial Drawing

88. Biology through Art Course Student Bioluminescent Bacterial Drawing

89. Biology through Art Course Student Bioluminescent Bacterial Drawing

90. Biology through Art Course Student Bioluminescent Bacterial Drawing

91. Biology through Art Course Student Bioluminescent Bacterial Drawing

92. Biology through Art Course Student Bioluminescent Bacterial Drawing

93. Biology through Art Course Student Bioluminescent Bacterial Drawing

94. Biology through Art Course Student Bioluminescent Bacterial Drawing

95. Photography by the Light of Bioluminescent Bacteria Living Light

96. The Cave, 2010

98. Body, 2010

99. The Entomologist, 2010

100. Vesna Jovanovic

101. Dan Wallace

102. Peter Gray

103. Peter N. Gray Artist & Scientist Metal-i-Genics Studio “Point Mutation” steel and African Red Granite 2007 Size: 9'H x 48"W x 36"D Location: MYMA Sculpture Center Missouri Valley, Iowa http://www.metal-i-genics.com/

104. Peter Gray

105. MK MeadorStephanie Burke

106. Hands, 2010

107. Photography by the Light of Bioluminescent Bacteria Bioluminescent Weddings

108. Angel Bride, 2014

109. Bed of Roses: Two Women Getting Married, 2014

110. Wedding Circle : Two Women Getting Married, 2014

111. Two Beams of Light : Two Women Getting Married, 2014

112. Experiments in Bioluminescent Bacteria Art

118. Outdoor Bioluminescent Bacteria Installation

119. Making a Bioluminescent Leaf

130. w w w. H u n t e r C o l e. o r g