2. Judaism (founded in 1300 BCE) Christianity (founded in 30 CE) Islam (founded in 622 CE) Major People (Prophets, leaders, etc and what they did) -Abraham- God commanded him to settle in Canaan and promised that Abraham’s children would have a great nation if they remained faithful - Moses- led Israelites out of slavery in Egypt. During the exodus (departure), he received the Ten Commandments -King David- Military leader and Israelite king who made the capital in Jerusalem -King Solomon- built a temple in Jerusalem -Abraham- (See Judaism) -Moses- (See Judaism) -King David- (See Judaism) -King Solomon- (See Judaism) -Jesus- a young Jewish man who traveled through Judea preaching about God. -Paul- a disciple who became a missionary for Jesus. He traveled around and wrote letters to spread the word of Jesus. -Constantine- experienced a vision of a flaming cross before winning a battle. First Roman Emperor to declare equal rights for ALL religions. -Abraham (See Judaism) -Muhammad- experienced visions calling him to be a prophet for the one true God. He began preaching and was eventually forced to flee from Mecca to Medinah (called the Hijirah) -Ali- was part of the Shi’ite sect, where leaders come from the line of Muhammad -Mu’awiyah- began the Sunni sect when he killed Ali and claimed that any devout Muslim could be the leader

3. Judaism (founded in 1300 BCE) Christianity (founded in 30 CE) Islam (founded in 622 CE) Religious beliefs/ Rules of Religion -Ten Commandments: 1.You shall have no other gods. 2.You shall not worship idols 3.You shall not use the name of the Lord in vain 4.Keep holy the Sabbath day. 5.Honor your father and mother. 6.You shall not murder 7.You shall not commit adultery 8.You shall not steal 9.You shall not bear false witness against your neighbor 10.You shall not covet anything that is your neighbor’s -Synagogue on Saturdays. -No pork or non-kosher foods. -Holidays related to historical events -Rites: bar/bat mitzvah at adulthood. -Focus is more on this life than the next. -Beliefs vary -Ten Commandments: 1.You shall have no other gods. 2.You shall not worship idols 3.You shall not use the name of the Lord in vain 4.Keep Holy the Sabbath day. 5.Honor your father and mother. 6.You shall not murder 7.You shall not commit adultery 8.You shall not steal 9.You shall not bear false witness against your neighbor 10.You shall not covet anything that is your neighbor’s -Church on Sundays -Rites: Baptism, Communion -Holidays related to historical events -All have sinned and are separated from God. -Salvation is through faith in Christ -heaven or hell -Five Pillars: 1.Belief in Allah and in Muhammad as his prophet 2.Prayer 5 times a day (facing towards Mecca) and prayer on Fridays at midday 3.Observation of the holy month of Ramadan 4.Making a pilgrimage (hajj) to Mecca in one’s lifetime 5.Giving alms to the poor and unfortunate -Mosque on Fridays -No alcohol or pork. -Holidays related to the pilgrimage and fast of Ramadan. -Humans must submit to the will of God to gain Paradise after death. -Paradise or Hell.

4. Judaism (founded in 1300 BCE) Christianity (founded in 30 CE) Islam (founded in 622 CE) Who is in charge of the religion? Where do people worship? What is the Holy Book? -Local leader: Rabbi -Where people worship: Temple/synagogue -Holy Book: Torah and Talmud -Local leader: Priest/Minister -The Catholic sect of Christianity also answers to bishops, cardinals, and the Pope -Where people worship: Church -Holy Book- Bible -Leader: Caliph -Where do people worship: mosque -Holy Book: Qur'an Key Terms -Monotheism- the belief in one all powerful God -Prophets- holy messengers -Jerusalem- holy city -Messiah- The Jewish faith believes that a savior will bring deliverance for followers. -Jerusalem- holy city -Messiah- The Jewish faith believes that a savior will bring deliverance for followers- Christians believe that this Messiah was Jesus. -Disciples- followers of Jesus -Kaaba- Holy Shrine -Islam- “Submission to the will of Allah” -Shi’ite- follow successor’s following Muhammad’s son in law, Ali -Sunni- any devout Mulsim can become caliph if they are accepted by the people Other information -14 million followers worldwide -God = Yahweh, but is said as Adonai (the Lord) -2 billion followers worldwide -God= the Trinity (Father, Son, Holy Spirit) -1.3 billion (Sunni: 940 million) followers worldwide -God= Allah

5. Who do these all have in common? Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are sometimes called the "Abrahamic religions" All consider him father of the people of Israel. Who was Abraham? Abraham was the tenth generation from Noah (from the arc) and the twentieth from Adam (and Eve). He was sent by God from his home to take possession of the land of Canaan. In Canaan, Abraham entered into a covenant with God: Abraham would recognize Yahweh as his God God would bless Abraham with many children and the land would belong to his descendants.

6. So why are they THREE religions? Jews and Christians follow Abraham’s family through his son Isaac, by his wife Sarah. These religions then differ in the view of Jesus: Judaism sees him as another prophet Christianity sees him as the messiah Muslims see him as a prophet and ancestor of Muhammad. They follow Abraham’s family through his other son Ishmael, born to him by Sarah's handmaiden, Hagar.