1. Chapter 15: Computer-Integrated Manufacturing Systems
Manufacturing Processes for Engineering Materials (5th Edition in SI Units)
Chapter 15:
Computer-Integrated Manufacturing Systems 1

2. Computer-Integrated Manufacturing
Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) describes the computerized integration of product design, planning, production, distribution and management.
CIM depends on usage of a large-scale integrated communications system.
Requires extensive database containing technical and business information.

3. Computer-Integrated Manufacturing
CIM systems consists of subsystems that are integrated as a whole, such as:
Business planning and support
Product design
Manufacturing process planning
Process automation and control
Factory-floor monitoring systems

4. Computer-Integrated Manufacturing
Benefits
Shorter product life cycles
Product quality and uniformity
Better use of resources
Better control of the processes

5. Computer-Integrated Manufacturing
Some examples:
Computer aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM)
Computer numerical control (CNC)
Adaptive control (AC)
Industrial robots for assembly
Automatic control
Computer-aided process planning (CAPP)
Group technology (GT)
Just-in-time production (JIT)

6. Computer-Aided Design and Engineering
Computer-aided design (CAD) uses the computers to create design drawings and geometric models of products and components.

7. Elements of computer-aided design systems
CAD system consists of four stages:
1. Geometric modeling
Constructs geometric mode with lines and dimensions.

8. Elements of computer-aided design systems
2. Design analysis and optimization
Design is subjected to an engineering analysis.
3. Design review and evaluation
Review and evaluation to check for any interference among various components.

9. Elements of computer-aided design systems
4. Documentation
Detailed, working drawings are developed and printed.

10. Computer-Aided Manufacturing
CAM involves the use of computer technology to assist in all phases of manufacturing.
CAD/CAM systems allows information transfer from design to planning stage.
Advantages of CAD/CAM are:
standardizing product development
reducing the effort of designing, evaluation and prototype work

11. Computer-Aided Process Planning
Process planning involves selecting methods of the sequence of operations, processing time and methods of assembly.
Computer-aided process planning (CAPP) view total operation as an integrated system, so that individual operations are coordinated with each other.

12. Elements of computer-aided process-planning systems
2 types of CAPP systems:
1. Variant System
Computer files contain a standard process plan for a particular part to be manufactured.
2. Generative System
Process plan is automatically generated on the basis of the same logical procedures.

13. Elements of computer-aided process-planning systems
Advantages of CAPP systems
Standardization of process plans improves the productivity.
Process plans can be prepared.
Process plans can be modified.
Routing sheets can be prepared.
Other functions can be incorporated.

14. Computer Simulation of Manufacturing Processes and Systems
Process simulation takes 2 forms:
Optimizes or improves performance.
Analyses multiple processes and their interactions.
Simulation helps engineers to organize and to identify critical machinery.

15. Computer Simulation of Manufacturing Processes and Systems
Process simulation takes 2 forms:
Optimize or improve performance.
Analyse multiple processes and their interactions.
Simulation helps engineers to organize and to identify critical machinery.
Able to conduct ergonomic analysis of various operations and machinery setups.

16. Group Technology
Group Technology (GT) is a concept to take advantage of design and processing similarities among the parts that are to be produced.
Attractive to consumer demand for variety of products which requires batch production.

17. Cellular Manufacturing
Group technology consists of one or more manufacturing cells.
Manufacturing cell is a small unit consisting of one or more workstations.
Cellular manufacturing used in material removal, sheet-metal forming operations and polymer processing.

18. Flexible Manufacturing Systems
In FMS all elements of manufacturing are integrated into an automated system.
Different computer instructions can be downloaded for each successive part that passes through a workstation.
Can handle a variety of part configurations and produce in any order.

19. Flexible Manufacturing Systems
Elements of FMS
Workstations
Automated handling and transport of materials and parts
Control systems
System capable of transporting raw materials, blanks, and parts in various stages of completion anytime.

20. Just-in-Time Production
JIT concept has the following goals:
Receive supplies just in time to be used.
Produce parts just in time to be made into subassemblies.
Produce subassemblies just in time to be assembled into finished products.
Produce and deliver finished products just in time to be sold.

21. Just-in-Time Production
This approach emphasizes:
Worker pride and dedication
Elimination of idle resources
Teamwork
Advantages of JIT:
Low inventory-carrying costs
Rapid detection of defects
Reduced need for inspection and reworking of parts
Production of high-quality parts at lower cost

22. Lean Manufacturing
A systematic approach to identifying and eliminating waste in every area of manufacturing.
Helps identify whether the activity:
adds value
adds no value but cannot be avoided
adds no value but can be avoided

23. Artificial Intelligence
AI concerned with systems that exhibit some characteristics are usually associated with intelligence in human behaviour.
Has impact on the design, automation and overall economics of manufacturing operations.
AI encompasses the following:
Expert systems.
Natural language.
Machine (computer) vision.
Artificial neural networks.
Fuzzy logic.