1. Unit 2 - How Organisations Use ICT
The Impact of ICT on Methods of Production

2. What does your syllabus say?

3. So what are the impacts?
The use of automated machinery and robotics linked with ICT systems has dramatically changed manufacturing. It has had mass impact upon many areas.
You may categorize the main areas of impact as -
Process Control
Production Control

4. Production Control - Defined
Production control involves the systematic planning, Coordination and directing of manufacturing activities to ensure that goods are made on time, of adequate quality and at reasonable cost.
Example of an advantage - JIT (Just in Time) can be used for order processing and stock control
Effect - All parts, components or raw materials are ordered exactly when required in the production process. Money is saved due to low storage costs and no capital investment in ‘sitting’ stock.
Disadvantage - If a supplier fails to delivery the required parts on time then the entire manufacturing system is delayed.
Class discussion - Can you think of any other advantages or disadvantages from using automated production control?

5. Process Control
The fundamental understanding you have to develop here is systems theory and feedback.
INPUT
PROCESS
OUTPUT
The feedback loop
The outputs from an automated manufacturing systems
are consistently monitored. If there is a problem with the
output then relevant info is fed back into the system so that
adjustments to the input can be made. This feedback system
can be considered as first generation AI (Artificial Intelligence)

6. Economy & scale of Production
CAD/CAM - Mind Map
Below shows the main areas that ICT effects within industrial production.
Your Task - Listen and watch the presentation: record your own key notes on the handouts provided!
Employment
Designing
CAD/CAM
Product Quality
Economy & scale of Production

7. Employment Employment Cuts in Labour Force
Human assistance still required
Employment
Repetitive Jobs replaced by machinery
Effects on workers due to shift work

8. Repetitive Jobs Replaced by Machinery
Machines can complete difficult processes without tiring nor complaining.
Robots give increased health and safety to workers
AGV’s (Automated Guided Vehicles) - Can be programmed to move components or products from one area of a manufacturing system to another.

9. Cuts in the Labour Force
Computers manufacturing can replace the manual crafts and processes previously used.
AGV’s - Discussed on previous slide.

10. Human assistance still required
Computers need programming by humans.
Operators need to be trained to manage the computer systems.

11. Effects on workers due to shift work
Computers can operate 24 hours a day. Shift workers must be employed to manage and maintain CAD/CAM systems.

12. Designing Designing Increases Productivity
Reduces needs for specialists
Designing
Design process implemented in a more systematic way
Cuts out repetitive work

13. Designing
Computer designing is faster and efficient - more design solutions can be produced
Increases Productivity
Reduces needs for specialists
Designing
Design process implemented in a more systematic way
Cuts out repetitive work

14. Designing
Computer designing is faster and efficient - more design solutions can be produced.
Computer programming takes minimal training and can be used by most people.
Increases Productivity
Reduces needs for specialists
Designing
Design process implemented in a more systematic way
Cuts out repetitive work

15. Designing
Computer designing is faster and efficient - more design solutions can be produced.
Computer programming takes minimal training and can be used by most people.
Increases Productivity
Reduces needs for specialists
Designing
CAD
Allows use of more accurate design and printing tools.
Design process implemented in a more systematic way
Cuts out repetitive work

16. Designing
Computer designing is faster and efficient - more design solutions can be produced.
Computer programming takes minimal training and can be used by most people.
Increases Productivity
Reduces needs for specialists
Designing
CAD
Allows use of more accurate design and printing tools.
Design process implemented in a more systematic way
Cuts out repetitive work
Computer programmers allow copy and paste facilities. Some jobs can now be reduced into seconds

17. Designing
Computer designing is faster and efficient - more design solutions can be produced.
Computer programming takes minimal training and can be used by most people.
Increases Productivity
Reduces needs for specialists
Designing
CAD
Allows use of more accurate design and printing tools.
Design process implemented in a more systematic way
Cuts out repetitive work
Design process can be followed by faster progression without having to retrace steps
Computer programmers allow copy and paste facilities. Some jobs can now be reduced into seconds

18. Economy & scale of Production
24hr manufacture possible
Reduce labour force
More products can be manufactured
Economy and Scale of Production
High initial investment
Saves on running costs

19. Economy & scale of Production
Computerised machines are faster than humans. More products can be produced quickly and in large quantities.
24hr manufacture possible
Reduce labour force
More products can be manufactured
Economy and Scale of Production
High initial investment
Saves on running costs

20. Economy & scale of Production
Computerised machines are faster than humans. More products can be produced quickly and in large quantities.
24hr manufacture possible
Reduce labour force
More products can be manufactured
Economy and Scale of Production
High initial investment
Saves on running costs
Reduced labour force means reduced costs

21. Economy & scale of Production
Computerised machines are faster than humans. More products can be produced quickly and in large quantities.
Computers never get tied. As long as there is power they will keep producing
24hr manufacture possible
Reduce labour force
More products can be manufactured
Economy and Scale of Production
High initial investment
Saves on running costs
Reduced labour force means reduced costs

22. Economy & Scale of Production
Some other important issues -
CAM - Computer Aided Manufacture
FMS - Flexible manufacturing Systems (Use robots and run under DNC systems)
DNC - Direct numerical controlled (This includes networking of CNC’s)
CNC - Computer numerically controlled. Machines, tools, lathes, drills, saws can be controlled by numbers. Highly accurate and no major H&S risks.

23. Product Quality Product Quality More complex ideas can be manufactured
High Specification Products
Product Quality
Saves money on costly prototypes

24. Product Quality Product Quality
Specifications can be raised and products made to high standards of complexity
More complex ideas can be manufactured
High Specification Products
Product Quality
Saves money on costly prototypes

25. Product Quality Product Quality
Specifications can be raised and products made to high standards of complexity
More complex ideas can be manufactured
High Specification Products
Product Quality
Saves money on costly prototypes
Quality Control
Quality Assurance
Tolerance Limits

26. Product Quality Product Quality
Computerised manufacture can produce small and extremely accurate components every cycle
Specifications can be raised and products made to high standards of complexity
More complex ideas can be manufactured
High Specification Products
Product Quality
Saves money on costly prototypes
Quality Control
Quality Assurance
Tolerance Limits

27. Saving Money Some other important issues -
CAE - Computer Aided Engineering
Application of software which analyses the performance and efficiency of assembly lines.
CAA - Computer Aided Analysis
This system checks products and there production methods. QC & QA checks can me automated.
CAID - Computer Aided Industrial Design
Allows designers to develop designs on computers after rapid prototyping. Also allows quality control issues to be set before final manufacture.

28. Task - Identifying Production Systems
Consider - the robotics used within a production line act like any other basic ICT system……..they have inputs, processes and outputs.
Taking robotics in a car manufacturer as the area to analyse: Can you identify or describe any of the following -
Input methods into a robotic/automated production system
Processes involved in a robotic/automated production system
Output methods from a robotic/automated production system
Feedback Systems