1. © Prentice Hall 2002 5.1 CHAPTER 5 Organizational Systems

2. © Prentice Hall 2002 5.2 ORGANIZATIONAL SYSTEMS TRANSACTION PROCESSING SYSTEMS TRANSACTION PROCESSING SYSTEMS ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING SYSTEMS ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING SYSTEMS DATA WAREHOUSING DATA WAREHOUSING OFFICE AUTOMATION OFFICE AUTOMATION GROUPWARE GROUPWARE INTRANETS INTRANETS FACTORY AUTOMATION FACTORY AUTOMATION*

3. © Prentice Hall 2002 5.3 MANAGERIAL SUPPORT SYSTEMS DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS DATA MINING DATA MINING GROUP SUPPORT SYSTEMS GROUP SUPPORT SYSTEMS GEOGRAPHIC INFO SYSTEMS GEOGRAPHIC INFO SYSTEMS EXECUTIVE INFO SYSTEMS EXECUTIVE INFO SYSTEMS EXPERT SYSTEMS EXPERT SYSTEMS NEURAL NETWORKS NEURAL NETWORKS VIRTUAL REALITY VIRTUAL REALITY*

4. © Prentice Hall 2002 5.4 BATCH vs. ON-LINE PROCESSING BATCH PROCESSING: Accumulate a suitable batch of transactions, then process entire batch BATCH PROCESSING: Accumulate a suitable batch of transactions, then process entire batch ON-LINE PROCESSING: Process transactions as they occur, updating all files almost immediately ON-LINE PROCESSING: Process transactions as they occur, updating all files almost immediately*

5. © Prentice Hall 2002 5.5 DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS & CLIENT/SERVER SYSTEMS THE DISTRIBUTION OF PROCESSING POWER TO MULTIPLE SITES THE DISTRIBUTION OF PROCESSING POWER TO MULTIPLE SITES TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING BECOMES CRITICAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING BECOMES CRITICAL*

6. © Prentice Hall 2002 5.6 CLIENT/SERVER SYSTEMS PROCESSING POWER DISTRIBUTED BETWEEN A CENTRAL SERVER, SUCH AS A MINICOMPUTER OR POWERFUL WORKSTATION, AND A NUMBER OF CLIENT COMPUTERS, USUALLY DESKTOP MICROCOMPUTERS PROCESSING POWER DISTRIBUTED BETWEEN A CENTRAL SERVER, SUCH AS A MINICOMPUTER OR POWERFUL WORKSTATION, AND A NUMBER OF CLIENT COMPUTERS, USUALLY DESKTOP MICROCOMPUTERS SPLIT IN RESPONSIBILITIES BETWEEN SERVER AND CLIENT VARIES FROM APPLICATION TO APPLICATION SPLIT IN RESPONSIBILITIES BETWEEN SERVER AND CLIENT VARIES FROM APPLICATION TO APPLICATION*

7. © Prentice Hall 2002 5.7 BUILDING BLOCKS OF A CLIENT/SERVER SYSTEM: BUILDING BLOCKS OF A CLIENT/SERVER SYSTEM: –Client: Wants file, data, or service –Server: Location of desired support MIDDLEWARE: Software needed to support interaction between clients and servers MIDDLEWARE: Software needed to support interaction between clients and servers* CLIENT/SERVER SYSTEMS

8. © Prentice Hall 2002 5.8 CLIENT SERVER REQUESTS DATA, SERVICE USER INTERFACE APPLICATIONFUNCTIONDATA APPLICATION FUNCTION NETWORK RESOURCES CLIENT / SERVER

9. © Prentice Hall 2002 5.9 ALTERNATIVE CLIENT/SERVER MODELS TWO-TIER FAT CLIENT OR THIN SERVER MODEL: Most work done on client TWO-TIER FAT CLIENT OR THIN SERVER MODEL: Most work done on client TWO-TIER THIN CLIENT OR FAT SERVER MODEL: Most work done on server TWO-TIER THIN CLIENT OR FAT SERVER MODEL: Most work done on server*

10. © Prentice Hall 2002 5.10 ALTERNATIVE CLIENT/SERVER MODELS THREE-TIER MODEL: Separate application and database servers. User interface is on client (tier 1), processing is on application server (tier 2), and data is on database server (tier 3) THREE-TIER MODEL: Separate application and database servers. User interface is on client (tier 1), processing is on application server (tier 2), and data is on database server (tier 3)*

11. © Prentice Hall 2002 5.11 TRANSACTION PROCESSING SYSTEMS PAYROLL PAYROLL ORDER ENTRY ORDER ENTRY INVENTORY INVENTORY ACCOUNTS PAYABLE ACCOUNTS PAYABLE ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE HUMAN RESOURCES HUMAN RESOURCES MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS PLANNING (MRP) MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS PLANNING (MRP)*

12. © Prentice Hall 2002 5.12 ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING SYSTEMS (ERP) SPECIAL TYPE OF TRANSACTION PROCESSING SYSTEM SPECIAL TYPE OF TRANSACTION PROCESSING SYSTEM A SET OF INTEGRATED BUSINESS APPLICATIONS PURCHASED FROM A SOFTWARE VENDOR A SET OF INTEGRATED BUSINESS APPLICATIONS PURCHASED FROM A SOFTWARE VENDOR USUALLY INCLUDE MODULES TO CARRY OUT COMMON BUSINESS FUNCTIONS USUALLY INCLUDE MODULES TO CARRY OUT COMMON BUSINESS FUNCTIONS*

13. © Prentice Hall 2002 5.13 ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING SYSTEMS (ERP) DISTINGUISHING FEATURES FROM EARLIER TPS: Modules integrated through common definitions, common database. Modules reflect a particular set of business processes DISTINGUISHING FEATURES FROM EARLIER TPS: Modules integrated through common definitions, common database. Modules reflect a particular set of business processes LEADING VENDORS: SAP (German), Baan, Oracle, and PeopleSoft LEADING VENDORS: SAP (German), Baan, Oracle, and PeopleSoft*

14. © Prentice Hall 2002 5.14 DATA WAREHOUSING ESTABLISHMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF A LARGE DATA STORAGE FACILITY CONTAINING DATA ON MANY ASPECTS OF THE ENTERPRISE ESTABLISHMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF A LARGE DATA STORAGE FACILITY CONTAINING DATA ON MANY ASPECTS OF THE ENTERPRISE DATA PULLED FROM OPERATIONAL SYSTEMS, PLACED IN A SEPARATE “DATA WAREHOUSE”: Users may analyze data without endangering operational systems DATA PULLED FROM OPERATIONAL SYSTEMS, PLACED IN A SEPARATE “DATA WAREHOUSE”: Users may analyze data without endangering operational systems*

15. © Prentice Hall 2002 5.15 DATA WAREHOUSING THREE TYPES OF SOFTWARE : WAREHOUSE CONSTRUCTION SOFTWARE: Extracts relevant data from databases WAREHOUSE CONSTRUCTION SOFTWARE: Extracts relevant data from databases WAREHOUSE OPERATION SOFTWARE: Stores data, manages warehouse WAREHOUSE OPERATION SOFTWARE: Stores data, manages warehouse WAREHOUSE ACCESS AND ANALYSIS SOFTWARE: Catalog, query reporting tools WAREHOUSE ACCESS AND ANALYSIS SOFTWARE: Catalog, query reporting tools*

16. © Prentice Hall 2002 5.16 OFFICE AUTOMATION THE USE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY TO AUTOMATE VARIOUS ASPECTS OF OFFICE OPERATIONS THE USE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY TO AUTOMATE VARIOUS ASPECTS OF OFFICE OPERATIONS

17. © Prentice Hall 2002 5.17 OFFICE AUTOMATION MICROCOMPUTERS CONNECTED BY LOCAL AREA NETWORKS (LAN) MICROCOMPUTERS CONNECTED BY LOCAL AREA NETWORKS (LAN) WORD PROCESSING AND APPLICATION SUITES WORD PROCESSING AND APPLICATION SUITES ELECTRONIC MAIL ELECTRONIC MAIL WORD PROCESSING WORD PROCESSING PHOTOCOPYING PHOTOCOPYING*

18. © Prentice Hall 2002 5.18 OFFICE AUTOMATION DOCUMENT PREPARATION DOCUMENT PREPARATION VOICE MAIL VOICE MAIL DESKTOP PUBLISHING DESKTOP PUBLISHING PERSONAL DATABASES PERSONAL DATABASES ELECTRONIC CALENDARING ELECTRONIC CALENDARING FACSIMILE MACHINES FACSIMILE MACHINES*

19. © Prentice Hall 2002 5.19 GROUPWARE SOFTWARE DESIGNED TO SUPPORT GROUPS BY FACILITATING COLLABORATION, COMMUNICATION, AND COORDINATION SOFTWARE DESIGNED TO SUPPORT GROUPS BY FACILITATING COLLABORATION, COMMUNICATION, AND COORDINATION GROUPWARE FUNCTIONS: Electronic mail, bulletin boards, computer conferencing, calendaring, group scheduling, sharing documents GROUPWARE FUNCTIONS: Electronic mail, bulletin boards, computer conferencing, calendaring, group scheduling, sharing documents*

20. © Prentice Hall 2002 5.20 GROUPWARE MORE FUNCTIONS: Electronic whiteboards, meeting support systems, workflow routing, electronic forms, desktop videoconferencing MORE FUNCTIONS: Electronic whiteboards, meeting support systems, workflow routing, electronic forms, desktop videoconferencing*

21. © Prentice Hall 2002 5.21 INTRANETS NETWORK OPERATING WITHIN AN ORGANIZATION THAT EMPLOYS THE TCP/IP PROTOCOL NETWORK OPERATING WITHIN AN ORGANIZATION THAT EMPLOYS THE TCP/IP PROTOCOL USES SAME WEB BROWSER, CRAWLER, SERVER SOFTWARE AS INTERNET USES SAME WEB BROWSER, CRAWLER, SERVER SOFTWARE AS INTERNET INTRANETS DELIVER FUNCTIONALITY OF GROUPWARE AT LOWER COST INTRANETS DELIVER FUNCTIONALITY OF GROUPWARE AT LOWER COST*

22. © Prentice Hall 2002 5.22 FACTORY AUTOMATION NUMERICALLY CONTROLLED MACHINES NUMERICALLY CONTROLLED MACHINES MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS PLANNING (MRP) MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS PLANNING (MRP) COMPUTER-INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING (CIM) COMPUTER-INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING (CIM) COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN (CAD): Computer generates plans for parts COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN (CAD): Computer generates plans for parts*

23. © Prentice Hall 2002 5.23 FACTORY AUTOMATION COMPUTER-AIDED ENGINEERING (CAE): Computer generates calculations COMPUTER-AIDED ENGINEERING (CAE): Computer generates calculations GROUP TECHNOLOGY (GT) GROUP TECHNOLOGY (GT) MANUFACTURING RESOURCE PLANNING (MRP II): Computer consolidates capacity needs MANUFACTURING RESOURCE PLANNING (MRP II): Computer consolidates capacity needs SUPPLY-CHAIN MANAGEMENT (SCM): Controls distribution of raw materials, finished products SUPPLY-CHAIN MANAGEMENT (SCM): Controls distribution of raw materials, finished products*

24. © Prentice Hall 2002 5.24 FACTORY AUTOMATION COMPUTER-AIDED MANUFACTURING (CAM): Computers control processes COMPUTER-AIDED MANUFACTURING (CAM): Computers control processes MANUFACTURING AUTOMATION PROTOCOL (MAP): Protocol to ensure open manufacturing system MANUFACTURING AUTOMATION PROTOCOL (MAP): Protocol to ensure open manufacturing system ROBOTICS ROBOTICS*

25. © Prentice Hall 2002 5.25 CHAPTER 5 Organizational Systems