1. Module 12. Multimedia EDLS 618. Fall 2009

2. On any slide limit use to no more than six text items as phrases or bullet points. – Any more than this and the text will be too small or there will be so many points that it is hard for the audience to keep in mind. If you have more than five or six points, consider grouping them into subtopics, then present the list for each subtopics as its own side. Always choose a few high-contrast colors for your presentation, but remember that too many colors can become confusing, and a lack of contrast between your text and background can render your presentation unreadable. PowerPoint: Design Basics Module 12. Multimedia Presentations 2

3. While people prefer to read dark text on a light background, light text and dark backgrounds are also acceptable. Be certain, though, that the contrast is sufficient. Consistently test all elements of your presentation, including microphones, speakers or any other associated equipment you may need to use. For purposes of presentation, it is best to use clean fonts and large font sizes. Avoid using decorative fonts, and instead use the classic Arial or Roman font types. PowerPoint: Design Basics Module 12. Multimedia Presentations 3

4. When presenting, a 20-36 point font size is good for distance reading. Avoid writing in all upper case, even for titles. – The shape of a word can make it much easier to comprehend, and all caps make all words have the same block shape, so use lower case for most of your text. Since students have become accustomed to writing and style conventions used for the Internet and the web, it is a good idea to be sparing in your use of the underline and limit it to URLs and references only. PowerPoint: Design Basics 4 Module 12. Multimedia Presentations

5. “Interactive lessons take the form of self- paced, student-controlled, individualized learning opportunities embedded with assessment events along the way. In practice, these lessons are offered to students who need individualized instruction, corrective instruction, additional practice, or topical enrichment activities.” (Tomei and Balmert, 2000) Interactive Lessons (Tomei, Balmert, 2000) 5 Module 12. Multimedia Presentations

6. Tomei and Balmert further define an interactive lesson as one that: Is a visually-based, behavior-oriented teaching strategy appropriate for learners of all ages who benefit from the concrete learning experiences that graphic presentations offer. Contains self-paced instructional content appropriate for students who learn best when instructed at their own pace, or who need the benefits provided by remedial instruction outside the classroom. Interactive Lessons (Tomei, Balmert, 2000) Module 12. Multimedia Presentations 6

7. – Offers specific, logical, systematic lessons that foster individualized instruction and sequential learning. – Is student-initiated and student-controlled learning that places a good deal of the responsibility for mastering the material directly in the hands of the learner. – Embraces all phases of the Mastery Learning instructional technique. It suggests alternatives for presenting the initial mastery objectives, corrective instruction, and enrichment activities. Interactive Lessons (Tomei, Balmert, 2000) 7 Module 12. Multimedia Presentations

8. Two very easy types of interactivity that can be included into any PowerPoint presentation are navigation and feedback. For navigation, you can use onscreen buttons and hypertext for a branching structure, allowing the user to visit the sections as they wish or to provide the option to gain more information on topics of interested. For feedback, slides can present questions and offer choices of answers. With proper scripting, when students make choices they are either given feedback on the slide or are taken to new slides which provide information. Benefits for the user of this structure include increased engagement, control, and interest along with immediate response. Interactive Presentations 8 Module 12. Multimedia Presentations

9. Action buttons are built-in button shapes that you can add to your presentation and then assign an action to occur upon the click of a mouse or when someone mousesover the button. You can also assign actions to clip art, pictures, or the text in a SmartArt graphic. The idea is that when you deliver your presentation, you can click or mouse-over an action button to: – Go to the next slide, the previous slide, the first slide, the last slide, the most recent slide viewed, a specific slide number that you specify, a different Microsoft Office PowerPoint presentation, or a Web page. – Run a program – Run a macro – Play a sound Source: MicroSoft Action Buttons 9 Module 12. Multimedia Presentations

10. To add interactivity through hypertext for menus and links: Highlight text Then right-click the selected text to choose Action Settings (2003) or click on Insert, then Action (2007) Select an action for the text: (such as) – link to another slide – link to another PowerPoint – open a file – open a specific web page (URL) – run a program – run a macro – play a sound or video Adding Interactivity 10 Module 12. Multimedia Presentations

11. A trigger is nothing more than an item on your PowerPoint slide — it could be a picture, a shape, a button, or even a paragraph or text box — that sets off an action when you click it. The action might be a sound, a video or video clip, or an animation, such as text becoming visible on the slide. What About Triggers? 11 Module 12. Multimedia Presentations

12. Animation, like colors and graphics can either add to or detract from your message. So…use it sparingly and in appropriate ways. Animation is excellent as a means of attracting attention and directing the focus of the viewer. It can also serve to reinforce information discussed in previous lessons or prepare learners for new information and concepts. What about Animation? 12 Module 12. Multimedia Presentations

13. The Last Leaves of Fall Module 12. Multimedia Presentations 13

14. The Animation Track 14 Module 12. Multimedia Presentations

15. What About Videos. E.g., YouTube? 15 Module 12. Multimedia Presentations

16. Linking YouTube 16 Module 12. Multimedia Presentations

17. Which font should you use? The US State Department recently banned the use of Courier New 12 in all official correspondence. Beginning February 1, 2004, all State Department correspondence must be in Times New Roman 14. So should we follow the lead of our friends at State and use Times New Roman in all of our PowerPoint presentations? Module 12. Multimedia Presentations 17

18. Subjective test results In subjective tests measuring how people judge the screen readability of different typefaces (from 0 to 5, I think), most people prefer Verdana. (Hoffman, 2004) 18 Module 12. Multimedia Presentations

19. Screen v. print font Verdana, Trebuchet, Georgia, Geneva, and New York are all examples of screen display fonts, fonts specifically designed to look good on a computer screen. Times New Roman, Arial, and Helvetica are actually print display fonts, fonts specifically designed to look good on paper. People strongly and consistently judge screen display fonts to be easier to read than print display fonts. (Hoffman) 19 Module 12. Multimedia Presentations

20. Subjective v. objective Is there a difference between screen display and print display fonts when it comes to reading speed or accuracy? Nope! (Hoffman) The difference in reading speed of screen presentations that use Verdana, Trebuchet, Arial, Times, or Helvetica is statistically non-significant. (Hoffman) And there is no difference at all in reading accuracy between those five type faces. (Hoffman) 20 Module 12. Multimedia Presentations

21. In English… The font you use in your PowerPoint presentation will probably have no impact on your student’s reading speed or accuracy. But, people THINK Verdana and Trebuchet are easier to read. So try to use Verdana or Trebuchet (or some other sans-serif screen display font). – The downloadable version of this presentation uses Verdana. – When I give this presentation in person, though, I use Myriad Web because it is (currently) my favorite sans-serif screen display font. 21 Module 12. Multimedia Presentations

22. Serif v. sans-serif On paper, people prefer reading serif fonts—fonts with a “tail” (like Times New Roman.) On screens, however, prefer sans-serif fonts— fonts without a tail (like Verdana). So, use serif fonts (like Times New Roman) for your handouts and a sans-serif font (like Verdana or Arial) for your on-screen presentation. 22 Module 12. Multimedia Presentations

23. Comic Sans : threat or menace? Comic sans is a both a screen display font and a sans-serif font, so you should use it liberally, right? WRONG! Unless you are creating presentations for VERY small children, you should avoid comic sans like the plague. Not only does comic sans look unprofessional, it “was NOT designed as a typeface… [and] [t]here was no intention to include the font in other applications other than those designed for children.” (Connare) 23 Module 12. Multimedia Presentations

24. Friends don’t let friends use comic sans! Module 12. Multimedia Presentations 24

25. Oh sure, it LOOKS good... Even if you use a screen display font, reading from a computer screen [or projector] is still about 25% slower than reading from paper. (Nielsen, 1997) And if you change the contrast between the text and the background, reading from a computer screen becomes even slower than that. 25 Module 12. Multimedia Presentations

26. The contrast problem Many of PowerPoint’s built-in templates use light text (like a white or yellow) on a dark background (like blue or red). The problem is that when light text is placed on a dark background, the text may seem to “glow” (or “halate”), making the text harder to read. (AT&T, 1989) Ambient light also tends to wash out PowerPoint presentations with dark backgrounds, totally throwing the contrast (and legibility) out of whack. 26 Module 12. Multimedia Presentations

27. Suggested contrast combinations Instead of light text on a dark background, try dark text on a light background. – If your projector is “too hot” or the room is too bright, you’ll lose the background (the frills) but the text will still be legible. Three decent color combinations: – Green text on a yellow background – Black text on a yellow background – Black text on a white background 27 Module 12. Multimedia Presentations

28. Our key points Don’t detract: Stay away from PowerPoint’s bells and whistles like builds, transitions, animations, and sound effects. – The bells and whistles are for selling, not for teaching. – If you absolutely have to use PowerPoint’s frills, only add them to slides that contain non-testable content. Only use pictures to teach, not to decorate or entertain. 28 Module 12. Multimedia Presentations

29. Our key points To maximize student performance on fact-based tests, – Have your students take notes during your presentation and then give your students a copy of your presentation (and lecture notes) afterward. – OR give your students a skeletal outline before your presentation (with lots of white space), have your students take notes during your presentation, and then give your students a copy of your presentation (and lecture notes) afterward. 29 Module 12. Multimedia Presentations

30. Our key points Because of diminishing attention spans, front- load the first 10 minutes of your presentation. Use a sans-serif screen display font like Verdana for your on-screen presentation, and use a serif print display font like Times New Roman for your handouts. Use dark text on a light background. 30 Module 12. Multimedia Presentations

31. Our goals Look at the process we all go through as we learn PowerPoint Investigate student perception of PowerPoint in the classroom. See if student performance supports that perception. Talk about PowerPoint and student note-taking. Learn a little bit about PowerPoint usability. DO ALL OF THIS IN ENGLISH! 31 Module 12. Multimedia Presentations

32. Slides 13 – 27 were copied from “Now that I know PowerPoint, how can I use it to TEACH?”, a presentation by Patrick Douglas Crispen www.NetSquirrel.com. This presentation also includes a very good list of additional references related to the design and utilization of PowerPoint. I recommend it highly. www.NetSquirrel.com You can access additional presentations by Patrick Crispen and that you may use freely at this site: http://www.netsquirrel.com/powerpoint/bydate.html Please note: Module 12. Multimedia Presentations 32

33. http://www6.district125.k12.il.us/staffdev/tutorial/ppt/ppt102.html A good article that explains how to create interactive PowerPoint presentations. http://www.boxesandarrows.com/view/interactivehttp://www.boxesandarrows.com/view/interactive Use triggers to create an interactive slide show in PowerPoint http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/powerpoint/HA010873001033.aspx http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/powerpoint/HA010873001033.aspx Interactive: PowerPoint 2003 to PowerPoint 2007 command reference guide http://office.microsoft.com/en- us/powerpoint/HA101490761033.aspxhttp://office.microsoft.com/en- us/powerpoint/HA101490761033.aspx How to Create and Use an Interactive PowerPoint Quiz Game http://www.joe.org/joe/2003april/tt2.shtml http://www.joe.org/joe/2003april/tt2.shtml Strategies and Resources for Teaching with Multimedia Technologies 33 Module 12. Multimedia Presentations

34. Tomei, L., & Balmert, M. (2000). Creating an Interactive PowerPoint Lesson for the Classroom. THE Journal, Retrieved March 6, 2008, from http://www.thejournal.com/articles/14916_1.http://www.thejournal.com/articles/14916_1 Microsoft PowerPoint 2003: Using Animation http://www.uwec.edu/help/PPoint03/animate.htm http://www.uwec.edu/help/PPoint03/animate.htm PowerPoint 2007: Animation and Slide Transitions http://www.wpi.edu/Academics/ATC/Collaboratory/HowTo/PowerPoi nt/animation.html http://www.wpi.edu/Academics/ATC/Collaboratory/HowTo/PowerPoi nt/animation.html Module 12. Multimedia Presentations 34 Strategies and Resources for Teaching with Multimedia Technologies

35. Embed A You Tube Video http://comp- tutor.blogspot.com/2009/03/embed-youtube-videos-in- powerpoint.htmlhttp://comp- tutor.blogspot.com/2009/03/embed-youtube-videos-in- powerpoint.html Inserting YouTube Videos into Power Point – an animation that carries you through the process of linking You Tube videos into a Power Point Presentation http://pandora.tcs.tulane.edu/blogs/clay/captivate/youtube_power point/YouTube_PowerPoint.htm– http://pandora.tcs.tulane.edu/blogs/clay/captivate/youtube_power point/YouTube_PowerPoint.htm Sources and Resources Module 12. Multimedia Presentations 35

36. Designs/Templates: Bing http://www.bing.com/http://www.bing.com/ Slide World Free Education Templates http://www.slideworld.com/ppt_templates/free-powerpoint- templates.aspx/?page=1 http://www.slideworld.com/ppt_templates/free-powerpoint- templates.aspx/?page=1 Powered Templates http://www.poweredtemplates.com/03875/0/index.html http://www.poweredtemplates.com/03875/0/index.html Education Presentation Solutions.com http://www.educationpresentationsolutions.com/education- powerpoint-images.html http://www.educationpresentationsolutions.com/education- powerpoint-images.html About.Com – “Desktop Publishing” http://desktoppub.about.com/od/templatespowerpoint/Free_Microso ft_PowerPoint_Templates.htm http://desktoppub.about.com/od/templatespowerpoint/Free_Microso ft_PowerPoint_Templates.htm Sources and Resources Module 12. Multimedia Presentations 36

37. Microsoft Online – Templates for Education http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/templates/CT101427471033.aspx http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/templates/CT101427471033.aspx The Power Point Templates http://www.thepowerpointtemplates.info/http://www.thepowerpointtemplates.info/ Google Images – Search results for Power Point Templates/Designs http://images.google.com/images?hl=en&client=firefox- a&rls=org.mozilla:en- US:official&um=1&q=free+powerpoint+templates&sa=N&start=0&nds p=20 http://images.google.com/images?hl=en&client=firefox- a&rls=org.mozilla:en- US:official&um=1&q=free+powerpoint+templates&sa=N&start=0&nds p=20 Powerbacks – offers free templates/designs in education as well as other areas (http://powerbacks.com/). To connect directly with education designs, click here: http://powerbacks.com/pages/education.htmlhttp://powerbacks.com/ http://powerbacks.com/pages/education.html Sources and Resources Module 12. Multimedia Presentations 37

38. Template Provided By www.animationfactory.com 500,000 Downloadable PowerPoint Templates, Animated Clip Art, Backgrounds and Videos