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200 300 400 500 100 200 300 400 500 100 200 300 400 500 100 200 300 400 500 100 200 300 400 500 100 Ring in for Pavlov Skinner!!! Stay on Schedule New.

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Presentation on theme: "200 300 400 500 100 200 300 400 500 100 200 300 400 500 100 200 300 400 500 100 200 300 400 500 100 Ring in for Pavlov Skinner!!! Stay on Schedule New."— Presentation transcript:

1 200 300 400 500 100 200 300 400 500 100 200 300 400 500 100 200 300 400 500 100 200 300 400 500 100 Ring in for Pavlov Skinner!!! Stay on Schedule New Directions Watch & Learn

2 Give yourself a biscuit if you know that this refers to something that produces a reflex response without any prior learning

3 What is an unconditioned stimulus?

4 In Pavlov’s experiment a metronome, and a bell became this:

5 What is a conditioned stimulus?

6 Fido might salivate to the rattling of keys, but NOT to the sound of a violin because of this principle

7 What is discrimination?

8 After extinction has taken place, Fido began salivating again when he heard the bell. Must be this:

9 What is spontaneous recovery?

10 A conditioned stimulus can act as an unconditioned stimulus in this procedure

11 What is higher-order conditioning?

12 This is a consequence you should like! It provides you with something pleasant so that your rate of response increases.

13 What is positive reinforcement?

14 “Be good or else you will get a time- out!” This procedure is technically this type of consequence:

15 What is negative punishment?

16 If you clean your room in order to avoid a parent’s nagging, your behavior is being changed by this consequence:

17 What is negative-reinforcement?

18 These reinforcers are inherently reinforcing because they satisfy biological needs. They are “secondary” to none!

19 What are primary reinforcers?

20 Cues that influence operant behavior by indicating the probable consequences of a response. For example, judging your parents’ mood before you ask to stay out later than your curfew.

21 What are discriminative stimuli?

22 If every instance of a designated response is reinforced, you are on this type of schedule. It doesn’t happen that often in the real world.

23 What is continuous reinforcement?

24 This schedule yields among the fastest rate of responding, but it has low resistance to extinction. Would you keep working if you didn’t get paid for cutting the grass?

25 What is a fixed ratio?

26 Slot machines are on this schedule. That’s why senior citizens spend all day pumping money into them.

27 What is a variable ratio?

28 This schedule shows a “scalloped” pattern on a cumulative response graph. People and animals learn to wait until the time right before the reinforcement is scheduled.

29 What is a fixed interval schedule?

30 Under a concurrent schedule, organisms’ relative rate of responding to each alternative tends to match each alternative’s relative rate of reinforcement. A fancy definition for a simple law that seems to work.

31 What is the matching law?

32 Do you avoid Doritos because of the that time you wretched after eating a family- size bag of them? You’ve developed this:

33 What is a conditioned taste aversion?

34 We’re more likely to develop a phobia of snakes than electrical outlets, although both can be dangerous. This can be explained by the concept called this by Seligman.

35 What is preparedness?

36 Those miserly raccoons showed that there are limits to conditioning. Sometimes an animal’s innate response tendencies interfere. This is the term for this form of biological restraint.

37 What is instinctive drift?

38 Pavlov thought CC worked because the bell substituted for the food as result of it being paired close in time (contiguity theory). But he and others were wrong! The current thinking, pioneered by Rescorla, says it has to do with a stimuli’s predictive value. This is called:

39 What is signal relations?

40 You arrive one minute before exams, and you ace them! Does this mean your behavior of arriving just in time has been reinforced? Maybe, but only if you think it produced the favorable consequence. This more modern view of operant conditioning is based on this principle.

41 What is response-outcome relations?

42 This is what the people whose behaviors you copy are called according to observational learning theorists.

43 What are models?

44 His work with kids beating up Bobo dolls helped establish him as the leading voice in the study of observational learning.

45 Who is Albert Bandura?

46 This is the first step in observational learning. You’ll get an “A” if you know it.

47 What is attention?

48 Wow that was a complicated and difficult procedure! I don’t know if I’ll be able to fulfill the second and third aspects of observational learning. I might need some “R&R” afterwards.

49 What are retention and reproduction?

50 I know how to do it, but I just don’t want to. I lack this last step of observational learning. There is a difference between acquisition and performance.

51 What is motivation?

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