1. Relationship between poverty and environment issues in Tam giang – TT Hue province  Lam Thi Thu Suu  Centre of Social Sciences and Humanity (CSSH)  Hue College of Science  Supported by RCSD

2. Thua Thien Hue map

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5. Objectives To investigate the actual relationship between poverty and environment issues in Tam Giang lagoon To map out the practical measures to improve livelihood and reduce poverty

6. Methodology  Sustainable Livelihood Analysis, to understand livelihood and poverty as well as the interrelateness of the factors  PRA, CBCRM : -Put people in the centre

7. Livelihood activities  Natural fishing and shrimp farming

9. Assets to sustain fishing  Credit: Banks, Women’s Union, rich individuals, unofficial saving practice (saving game)  Social connection within community (neighbors, women in market..)  Human resource : -experience in fishing, -bad health (gynecological inflammation, worm, intestine)

10. Natural asset  (OECD 2005) Natural stock from which resource flows useful for livelihood  Vinh Ha: 6.300 ha (half land, half water ground) many fish and shrimp move in and down to the lagoon Sediment, sand, mud, vegetation cover for development of aquatic habitats >100 species found in VHa,

12. Shrimp farming  Big programme, Early 90s : 150.000 ton for 10 year export worth 1.5 billion USD  Many ponds constructed down in the lagoon, rice fields converted into ponds  Borrow loan from bank for shrimp, rich family selling seedling, buying product shrimps,  Be provided with technical training  disease, failure – dilemma?

13. Shrimp ponds

14. Environmental problems  Natural resource degrading seriously “before 1975 catch fish by hands because they swim under legs and around boats” now 1-2 kg/night/family” Pollution – also a cause of resource degradation Decrease of bio – diversity (species disappear) because no habitats due to pond and dike construction... Climate change : too many floods and typhoon happening in a year with serious impacts (floods cause fresh water in the lagoon, no marine fish migrate in,

15. Poverty  World bank’s measurement and definition  VN Gov’s measurement : 200.000 – 280.000 VND/month/ person,  ADB (2007): (General poor) not only income and expenditure But also ability to get access to resource and service, level of empowerment, participation of decision making Vinh Ha’s measurement: no more than one fishing gear, no house on land, three dependent children, debt >10 million VND

16. Poverty situation in Vinh Ha  =>701/2010 hh are poor:  Temporary house, or on boat  No toilet, furniture, gas cooker, motorbike  Income : 20.000 VND = 1.3 USD  Debt : 15-50 million VND  No land  No clean water  Little education  Difficult to access to healthcare

17. Poverty and environment link  Environmental problems are the main cause of poverty  The poor tend to have less ability to deal with pollution,  They are less resistant to the problems caused by pollution such as health problem, resource degradation  => What do you think is the key to improve their livelihood?

18. Empowerment ?  To have capability to -manage resources in sustainable ways =>Better natural resource management is a key for livelihood improvement and poverty reduction. In addition, when they have capability, they will be able to -deal with shock and stress in vulnerability context - get access to services to build livelihood

19.  Thank you My work will continue