1. Paragraph as a Sandwich Presented by Erica Holton

2. Essay Introduction Includes thesis—usually the first or the last sentence Paragraph contains more than forty words Has three or more sentences including the thesis

3. Body Paragraphs Has two or more paragraphs Each paragraph contains an average of 11 sentences Each paragraph contains 125 or more words

4. Conclusion Has 40 or more words Shows insight and goes beyond prompt Does not repeat the thesis or any previous point Successfully concludes and addresses the greater importance

5. Paragraph as a Sandwich ***Mary Basson, Kate Gay, Elaine Griffin— University School of Milwaukee Top Slice: Argumentative Claim— makes an interpretive statement; portion of essay’s argument Filling: Quote that supports the claim— provides concrete, textual support for the claim Bottom Slice: Commentary about the quote—functions to tie quote to the claim

6. Recipe for an 11 Sentence Body Paragraph 1. Claim—offers support for thesis 2. Concrete Detail #1—supports the topic sentence 3. Commentary—analyzes 4. Commentary—addresses importance 5. Concrete Detail #2—supports topic sentence 6. Commentary –analyzes 7. Commentary—addresses importance 8. Concrete Detail #3—supports topic sentence 9. Commentary—analyzes 10. Commentary—addresses importance 11. Concluding Sentence

7. CLAIM  Must be arguable! Indicated in RED Practice: Is this a claim?  Answers the question or the addresses issue Hitler was one of the top influential figures of the Twentieth Century. Heinz popularized ketchup in American cuisine.

8. FILLING  References the text Indicated in GREEN  Specific evidence/quote  Supports Claim  1 st line of defense against those who will disagree with you

9. Commentary  Your thoughts!! Indicated in BLUE  Tying the evidence and support (“filling”) to your argumentative claim  Still arguable  Vital to audience’s acceptance

10. Example Claim: Beowulf struggles with issues of insecurity and low self esteem which causes him to attempt to prove his self worth through excessive boasting and completing heroic deeds. Now, it needs to be supported…

11. Unless you indicate to your audience what your quote means or who says it, your audience is:  Lost  Annoyed  Unconvinced For your “filling” or support: Quotes and Concrete Details Need Context

12. 3 Condiments to “serve up” quotations Three amounts (smallest to biggest introduction): Dab Dollop Lotsa Sauce

13. Condiments for Serving Up Quotations DAB simplest form of serving up a quotation—smallest # of writer supplied words Provides just the bare minimum of words to announce the appearance of a quotation from a text Useful when the writer has already established the context of the quotation in previous sentences and needs only to supply the exact quotation to make the point of the claim

14. Example of a DAB Beowulf boasted, “I swam/In the blackness of night, hunting monsters/Out of the ocean, and killing them one/By one” (93-96). What background information would have the writer needed to include earlier for this to make sense?

15. DOLLOP Involves a bit more writing as it links the quote to the claim Provides significant detail from the story so it is appropriate when the reader needs to be reminded of the context of the quotation—the detail of the scene in which the quotation occurs

16. Example of a DOLLOP When attempting to secure Hrothgar’s endorsement to fight Grendel, Beowulf boasts “I swam/In the blackness of night, hunting monsters/Out of the ocean, and kill[ed] them one/By one” (93-96).

17. LOTSA SAUCE Requires extensive writing surrounding just a tiny quotation, phrase, or important word from the text Allows the writer both to maintain coherence with the claim and to maintain the writer’s own tone while still grounding the development of the argument in the text

18. Example of LOTSA SAUCE Believing that his name would become synonymous with heroism after defeating Grendel, Beowulf seeks to prove his heroic worth by listing his impressive accomplishments such as “hunting monsters/Out of the ocean, and killing them one/By one” (93-96).

19. Don’t forget to cite the text Condiment, “quote” (Citation #). USE YOUR RULES FOR WRITERS MANUAL!!