1. Social differences in 16th century Britain

2. 1.Hierarchy in society KING CHURCH NOBILITY Archbishops GENTRY Bishops YEOMEN TOWN CITIZENS Clergymen LABOURERS VAGRANT/BEGGARS

3. NOBILITY -55 noble families -duke, baron or earl -noble either by birth or by grant from the Queen or King

4. GENTRY - the most important social class in Tudor times - 6 % of population was a gentry - famous exoponents: Francis Drake, Francis Bacon

5. YEOMEN/TOWN CITIZENS - freeyeomen, leaseholders, copyholders - characteristic for English society - lived more simply than gentry

6. VAGRANT/BEGGARS/LABOURERS – THE POOR - the poor embraced the vagrants, beggars, sick,disabled, old, feeble, soldiers unable to work and labourers - poor submitted to their rich lords

7. Rich vs. Poor : a) Houses, clothes, food Rich Rich - huge, half-timbered mansions with chimneys and glass windows; profound furniture - elaborate clothes, embroidered with silk, gold or silver thread - fat meals, with little vegetables Poor Poor - - simple huts, floors made of clay, very basic furniture - - hardwearing, practical clothes made of coarse wool - - mainly ate bread, cheese and onion

8. b) Pastimes and work RICH RICH - spent most of time on pastimes - falconry, hunting, billards, bowls, attending perfomances in theatre, reading books POOR POOR - spent most of time working ( 6 working days) - gambling, playing draughts - watching public executions

9. c) Education and language RICH wide access to the education ( grammar schools, universities) wide access to the education ( grammar schools, universities) „correct“ London pronunciation – educated person „correct“ London pronunciation – educated personPOOR learning a trade, or expected to work learning a trade, or expected to work Continuation of using the local dialect Continuation of using the local dialect In the beginning of the Tudor period English was spoken in a number of ways as remiders of Saxon, Angle, Jute and Viking invasion After Chaucer London English becomes ‘correct’ English

10. d) Enclosures, Poor Law, Laws against Poverty - Enclosures – resulting in massive unemployment and poverty among labourers - Dissolution of the Monasteries – the church institutions lose their significance - „Pilgrimage of Grace“ ( 1536 ) as a protest against dissolution of the monasteries - Poor Law ( 1601) – introduced by Queen Elisabeth I to cope with the poverty and unemployment. First government- sponsored welfare program. Three goals of Poor Law: a) to put those unable to care for themselves in hospitals and orphanages b) to find the work for able-bodied in the workhouses established in the towns c) to punish permanently unemployed in order to discourage them from commiting the crimes

11. Town and country Towns having 3,000 people – London 60,000 by 1500 Towns having 3,000 people – London 60,000 by 1500 Prices increase between 1500 – 1600 Prices increase between 1500 – 1600 Growth of population from 2,2 million to 4 million Growth of population from 2,2 million to 4 million 1536 London 1536 London 7, 000 thieves hanged by Henry VIII 7, 000 thieves hanged by Henry VIII Efforts made in 1547 Efforts made in 1547 In 1601 Parlaiment passed the ‘Poor Law’ In 1601 Parlaiment passed the ‘Poor Law’ Végh István11

12. Conclusion - during Tudor times England became a more peaceful and richer place to live - during Tudor times England became a more peaceful and richer place to live - increase of the prices of goods, fall of wages by half - increase of the prices of goods, fall of wages by half - increasing population ( from 2,2 to 4 million) - increasing population ( from 2,2 to 4 million) - England as the most comfortable place to live in Europe in 16th century - England as the most comfortable place to live in Europe in 16th century