1. Mav Mark 8/25/11 http://sciencespot.net/Pages/startersgensci.html
Safety Picture 1

2. Mav Mark 8/26/11 http://sciencespot.net/Pages/startersgensci.html
Safety picture 2

3. Mav Mark 8/29/11 Write question.
List 5 safety rules that you can think of when performing an experiment.

4. Mav Mark 8/30/11
1. What is the longest bone in the body? 2. What is botany? 3. How long does it take for the earth to make a complete orbit around the sun? 4. How many legs does a spider have? How many legs does an insect have? 5. What scientist is associated with the equation E = mc2? 6. What is the scientific name for a human? 7. Where does a panda bear live? 8. What is the molecular formula for water? 9. What are the colors of the rainbow? 10. Name all of the planets in the solar system, starting with the one closest to the sun.

5. Mav Mark 8/31/11
List and explain 3 similarities that exist between all cells.

6. Mav Mark 9/1/11
Explain the benefits of prokaryotic organisms.

7. Mav Mark 9/2/11
Compare and contrast Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes.

8. Mav Mark 9/6/11
What are the three structures found in plant cells that are missing in animal cells?

9. Mav Mark 9/7/11 Match the following!
Control Center of Cell
Support and structure
Breaks down waste
Protein synthesis
Separates cell from environment
Ribosome
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
Lysosome
Cell Wall

10. Mav Mark 9/8/11 DNA Nucleus Chromosome Ribosome Endoplasmic Reticulum
Largest and most visible organelle
Manufactures lipids
Hereditary Material in a cell
Smallest and most abundant organelle
Organized structures of DNA
DNA
Nucleus
Chromosome
Ribosome
Endoplasmic Reticulum

11. Mav Mark: 9/9/11
What type of Endoplasmic Reticulum has ribosomes on it?

12. Mav Mark 9/12/11 http://sciencespot.net/Pages/startersbiology.html
Mystery Cells: Challenge 1

13. Mav Mark 9/13/11
Explain how life is organized beginning with the cell.

14. Mav Mark 9/14/11
Test Day
Sharpen pencil
Clear desk

15. The Cell & Organization of Life

16. History & Definition
First cells seen where cork cells in 1665 by Robert Hooke.
A cell is the smallest unit that can still carry on all life processes.
Ex. Red blood cells, nerve cells

17. Cell Theory All organisms are composed of one or more living cells
The cell is the basic unit of life in all living things.
All cells come from existing cells. (chicken or the egg?)

18. Cell Similarities All Have cell membrane
Contain hereditary material (DNA)
Have Cytoplasm and Ribosomes
Are small in size
Most cannot be seen with naked eye
Ostrich egg

19. 2 Main Types of Cells Prokaryotic Include bacteria
Do NOT have a nucleus
Have long circular DNA
No membrane bound organelles
Contain ribosomes to make proteins.
rod shaped, spherical, and spiral

20. Prokaryotic Cells: Bacteria
Reproduction: Asexual
Binary Fission: an organism duplicates its DNA and then divides into two parts, with each new organism receiving one copy of DNA.
Conjugation: Exchange of DNA between bacteria

21. Prokaryotic Cells: Bacteria
Either classified as eubacteria or archaea.
Eubacteria: commonly found
Archaea: Live in extreme environments

22. Prokaryotic Cells: Bacteria “The Good”
Bioremediation: organisms are added to water to convert toxic pollutants, such as oil, into harmless substances.
Food Production: Butter, Cheese, Yogurt, Sauerkraut, Beer, Pickles, Olives, Chocolate, Coffee, Soy sauce, meats, etc.
Decompose dead organisms
Digesting food
Fix Nitrogen for Plants

23. Prokaryotic Cells: Bacteria “The Bad”
Food Spoilage
Can cause disease in plants and animals
Produce Toxins

24. Prokaryotic Cells: Bacteria “The Ugly”
Must be dealt with every day.
People die each year from infections.
Bubonic Plague:
Killed 2 out of 3 patients in 2-6 days without treatment
Yersina pestis
Anthrax

25. Prokaryotic Cells: Bacteria
Ways to prevent disease:
Wash hands!!!
Cook food thoroughly.
Keep foods cold.(slows metabolism)
Antibiotics

26. 2 Main Types of Cells Eukaryotic (YOU!)
More complex & larger than proK
Have membrane bound organelles
Has a nucleus
Has more DNA than proK
DNA is linear
Animal, plant, fungi
NOT BACTERIA

28. Eukaryotic Cells Divided Into Plant Cells & Animal Cells
Both of these have Organelles: structures that enable the cell to live, grow, and reproduce.

29. A Plant Cell Plant Cell Organelles Cell Wall Cell Membrane Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Ribosomes
Large Vacuole
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts & Other Plastids
Golgi Apparatus (Complex)

30. An Animal Cell Animal Cell Organelles: Cell Membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Ribosomes
Small Vacuoles
Mitochondria
Golgi Apparatus (Complex)
Lysosomes

31. Organelles What’s holding it all together? Cell Wall
Found in plant and algae cells
Made of cellulose
Provides strength and support
Helps plants protect themselves from too much water entering or leaving the cell

32. Organelles What’s holding it all together?
Cell Membrane
ALL cells are covered by a cell membrane.
Its job is to :
keep the cytoplasm in
allow waste out and nutrients in
interact with other cells.
Made of phospholipid bilayer.
Hydrophobic: hate water (tails)
Hydrophilic: loves water (heads)

33. Organelles Cell’s Information Station: Nucleus
Largest and most visible organelle in euK cell
Means “kernel” or “nut”
Stores DNA that has information for making proteins.
Surrounded by nuclear membrane
Contains a nucleolus that stores materials used to make ribosomes.

34. Nucleus

35. Protein Factory Ribosomes:
Smallest, but most abundant organelle in the cell
Present in all cells
Do not have a membrane covering
Serve as the protein building location

36. Endoplasmic Reticulum
May be smooth (does not have ribosomes) or rough (has ribosomes)
Makes lipids for use in/out side the cell.
Break down drugs and other chemicals that could damage the cell

37. Cell’s Power Plant Mitochondria:
Breaks down food molecules into ATP for energy
Surrounded by two membranes: the inner membrane has folds where most of ATP is made
Need oxygen to work
Active cells like those in the liver and heart have thousands of them

38. Cell’s Power Plant Chloroplasts: Found in plant and algae cells
Make food from sunlight
Have flattened membrane covered sacs that look like coins that contain chlorophyll which makes chloroplast green
Chlorophyll traps sunlight to make sugar through photosynthesis

39. Other Common Plastids
Chloroplasts: the most commonly known of the Plastids—Green in color
Chromoplasts: Allow storage of pigments that give plants colors other than green—red, orange, etc.
Leucoplasts: Store starches & lipids, give plants a white color

40. Endosymbiotic theory Where did they come from?
Scientist believe that mitochondria and chloroplast began as proK and were eaten by larger cells.
Evidence that supports this theory:
They are about the same size as bacteria
They are surrounded by two membranes

41. Cell’s Packaging Center
Golgi Complex:
Looks like flattened sacs (similarly to the ER, but is closer to cell membrane.)
Lipids and proteins are delivered from the ER and modified for different functions
Final products are enclosed in Golgi membrane and then pinched off for transport either within the cell or outside the cell.

42. Golgi Complex

43. Cell’s Storage Centers
EuK have membrane covered sacs called vesicles.
Form either when…
Part of membrane pinches of ER or Golgi Complex
Cell membrane engulf something from outside the cell.

44. Cell’s Storage Centers
Most plant cells have a large membrane covered chamber called a vacuole.
It is used to store water.
Pigments in the liquid can cause color in plants like red roses.

45. Waste Management Lysosome
Bump into vesicles and secrete enzyme to digest them.
Destroy damaged organelles and get rid of waste
Protects cell from foreign particles that enter the cell by destroying them
Sometimes lysosome membranes break and the enzymes kill the cell.
Tadpole-frog
Human webbed fingers.

46. Summary Organelle Function Cell Wall Rigid, Protects & Supports
Cell Membrane
Controls what enters & exits a cell
Nucleus
Contains DNA, Control Center
Ribosome
Site of protein manufacturing ER
Makes lipids, packages proteins
Mitochondria
Breaks down food to make ATP
Chloroplast
Uses sunlight to make food
Golgi Complex
Refines materials and transports
Vacuole
Stores water
Lysosome
Digest food, destroys bad stuff

47. Looking Inside Cells
Compare and contrast the structures present in plant cells and animal cells.

48. Cell Movement Flagella: tail-like projections Pseudopod: false-foot
Cilia: finger-like projections (some non-motile)

49. Organization of Life
If a group of cells work together to perform a specific job in the body then they form tissues.
Muscle cells working together to form muscle tissue

50. Tissues: Cells working together
Epithelial: (skin) covers and protects underlying tissue.
Nervous: sends signals throughout the body

51. Tissues: Cells working together
Muscle: composed of cells that can contract and relax to produce movement
Connective: (blood, collagen) joins, supports, protects, nourishes, and cushions organs

52. Tissues

53. Organization of Life
If two or more tissues work together to perform a specific job in the body then they form an organ.
Ex.
Stomach, heart, skin
Stems, roots

54. Organization of Life
If two or more organs work together to perform a specific job in the body then they form an organ system.
Ex. Digestive system

55. Organization of Life An organism is anything that can live on its own.
Unicellular: A single cell living on its own.
Ex: ameba, paramecium
Multicellular: Multiple cells that rely on each other for survival. Most of the cells in a multicellular organism cannot live outside the body.
Ex. Us