1. Genetics in Humans Marie Černá

2. Monogenic inheritance (Mendelian genetics) – 1% –single gene For each gene, an organism inherits two alleles, one from each parent Homozygous – having two identical alleles for a gene Heterozygous – having two different alleles for a gene in the phenotype of a heterozygote: dominant allele – is fully expressed recessive allele – is completely masked

3. Monogenic inheritance (Mendelian genetics) – 1% complete dominance: phenotype # genotype incomplete dominance: phenotype = genotype codominance (blood group): phenotype = genotype

4. Polygenic inheritance (multifactorial) – 99 % –many genes –environmental effect on phenotype quantitative characters Gaussian distribution

10. ABO blood groups

13. Frequencies (%) of blood group system in the U.S.A. population Blood group Blood antigen Antibody in serum White Caucasians BlacksAsians American Indians OHanti-A,B45494079 AAanti-B40272816 BBanti-A1120274 AB -4451

14. Rh blood group

17. Blood group donors and recipients

18. Literature Biology, eighth edition, Campbell, Reece Unit three: Genetics Chapter 14: Mendel and the Gene Idea Concept 14.3: Inheritance patterns are often more complex than predicted by simple Mendelian genetics Pages 271 – 275