1. PHYSICS MR BALDWIN Speed & Velocity 9/15/2014
AIM: What is motion and how does it change?
DO NOW: What do you understand about the terms speed and acceleration?
Home Work:

2. Laws of Motion Everything in the universe is in nonstop motion.
Motion is the rule, not the exception.
The laws which govern the motion of atoms and stars apply to the motion in our everyday lives.

3. Distance and Displacement
Distinction between distance and displacement.
Distance traveled (dashed line) is a measure of length along the actual path.
Displacement (blue line) is how far the object is from its starting point, regardless of how it got there.

4. Speed & Velocity Speed: time rate of change of distance :
how far an object travels in a given time interval
Velocity includes directional information: time rate of change of displacement

5. Average Speed & Instantaneous Speed
The instantaneous speed is the speed as given on your speedometer. The speed at that instant.
Speed given by the speedometer
The average speed is the total distance traveled by an object divided by the total time taken to travel that distance.
CHECK: Determine the units
Unit: m/s; km/h; mph

6. CHECK: Can you write other forms of the equation to determine the other two quantities t & d?

7. Problem Solving Technique: G.U.S.S.
Givens; Unknown; Substitute & Solve
Write out your Givens.
Identify your Unknown.Check for unit consistency. If not…convert!
Substitute into equation (with units)
Find an equation relating quantities.
Solve for unknown.

8. QUIZ CHECK. What is the average speed of a car (in km/h & m/s) that travels 240 miles in 6 hours. Given that 1-mile = km = 1609 m

9. PHYSICS MR BALDWIN Speed & Velocity 9/17/2014
AIM: What is the difference between constant and changing motion?(What is acceleration?)
DO NOW: Look at the runner below. What can you infer about the runner?

10. Look at the picture below
Look at the picture below. What can you infer about the runner in red shorts?

11. CHECK: Can you write other forms of the equation to determine the other two quantities t & d?

12. QUANTITY & SYMBOL Distance d Time t Velocity; speed v Mass m UNITS
meters (m; km; mi)
seconds (s)
meters/sec (m/s)
Km/h
mph
kilogram (kg)

13. Uniform & Accelerated Motion
Uniform motion refers to motion that has a constant velocity
Speed & direction remains the same
Such as your car on cruise control
Moving at 50 mph on a straight road
Accelerated motion refers to motion with changing velocity
As you round a curb
Hit the gas or brake

14. Acceleration Acceleration is the change of velocity divided by time.
Where a: acceleration; vf: final velocity; vi:initial velocity
Determine its Unit.
Unit: m/s2

15. What is the acceleration of a car whose speed increases from 15 m/s (about 34 mi/h) to 25 m/s (about 56 mi/h) in 20s?

16. PHYSICS MR BALDWIN Speed & Velocity 9/18/2014
AIM: What is motion and how does it change?
DO NOW: A skater increases his speed from 2.0 m/s to 10.0 m/s in 3.0 s. What is his acceleration?
Home Work: Worksheet 2.2

17. Check Which of the following statements correctly define acceleration?
Acceleration is the rate of change of displacement of an object.
Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity of an object.
Acceleration is the amount of distance covered in unit time.
Acceleration is the rate of change of speed of an object.

18. Accelerated Motion
Acceleration is also a vector. Therefore, we need the sign.
Determine the car’s acceleration.
What can you infer about the value of the acceleration?
Deceleration occurs when the acceleration is opposite in direction to the velocity.

19. Check
What happens when the velocity vector and the acceleration vector of an object in motion are in same direction?
The acceleration of the object increases.
The speed of the object increases.
The object comes to rest.
The speed of the object decreases.

20. Check
A car is moving with an initial velocity of vi m/s. After reaching a highway, it moves with a constant acceleration of a m/s2, what will be the velocity (vf) of the car after traveling for t seconds?
vf = vi + at
vf = vi + 2at
vf2 = vi2 + 2at
vf = vi – at
vf = vi + at
vf = vi + 2at
vf2 = vi2 + 2at
vf = vi – at

21. PHYSICS MR BALDWIN Accelerated Motion 9/19/2014
AIM: How are acceleration, velocity, distance and time related?
DO NOW: Look at the runner in the red shorts below. What can you infer about the runner’s velocity and distance for each time interval?

22. Changing Velocity
Acceleration
There are two major indicators of the change in velocity in this motion diagram. Can you identify them?
The change in the spacing of the dots and the differences in the lengths of the velocity vectors indicate the changes in velocity.

23. Can you identify which one is speeding up and which one is slowing down?
Acceleration
Changing Velocity
If an object speeds up, each subsequent velocity vector is longer. Also, the subsequent distances increases.
If the object slows down, … (you fill in the rest)

24. What can be said about the distances here?
Acceleration
Velocity-Time Graphs
What can be said about the distances here?

25. Acceleration
Velocity-Time Graphs

26. MATHEMATICAL
ANALYSIS OF MOTION

27. Relating Acceleration, Speed & Time
The acceleration, assumed constant, is the rate of change of velocity.

28. Relating Acceleration, Speed & Time

29. Average Speed & Distance Traveled During Constant Acceleration
In addition, as the velocity is increasing at a constant rate, we know that

30. Equations of Motion (Please write on Index cards)

31. INITIAL VELOCITY IS ZERO
SOME KEY PHRASES
OBJECT STARTS FROM REST
OBJECT RELEASED FROM REST
OBJECT DROPPED
OBJECT STOPS
OBJECT COMES TO REST
OBJECT SLOWS TO A HALT
INITIAL VELOCITY IS ZERO
FINAL VELOCITY IS ZERO

32. MOTION OF
FALLING
BODIES

33. PHYSICS MR BALDWIN Freefall 9/22/2014
AIM: How do we describe the motion of an object in freefall?
DO NOW: In your own words, how would you define or describe freefall?
Home Work: Freefall worksheet

34. Freefall Motion
Near the surface of the Earth, all objects experience approximately the same acceleration due to gravity.
Look at the image to the left. What can you infer about the apple’s motion?

35. Uniformly Accelerated Motion
Galileo’s Law of Freely Falling Bodies:
In the absence of air resistance, all objects, regardless of size, shape or mass, fall with the same acceleration.

36. Uniformly Accelerated Motion
The acceleration due to gravity at the Earth’s surface is approximately 9.80 m/s2.

37. CHECK
What is freefall?

38. Equations of Motion

39. Rearrange the formulas letting a = – g

40. NOTE
The equations can be used to find time of flight from speed or distance, respectively.
Remember that an object thrown into the air represents two mirror-image flights, one up and the other down.
Acceleration of an object moving up is negative.
Magnitude of the acceleration up or down is the same

41. PHYSICS MR BALDWIN Freefall Motion 9/23/2014
AIM: How is the motion of an object affected when projected upwards?
DO NOW: Describe the velocity of an object after it has been thrown vertically upwards with a speed of 20 m/s and returns back to it initial position.
Home Work: Worksheet - Acceleration due to gravity

42. Back to “HOW FAR?” Recall that
But for the object thrown upwards with some velocity, let d become ‘h’ (to stand for height), and vi is different from 0, with the acceleration a = -g (only due to gravity):
DERIVE THE EQUATION FOR HEIGHT

43. Now to “HOW FAST?” Recall that
But for the object thrown upwards with some vi different from 0, with the acceleration a= -g (only due to gravity):
DERIVE THE EQUATION FOR OBJECT’S VELOCITY.

44. From this, we can answer “HOW LONG”
If we know the height to which the object rises, we can determine HOW LONG it takes to get there.
What happens to the velocity at the top of the object’s motion?
vf = 0
DERIVE THE EQUATION FOR THE TIME TAKEN FOR THE OBJECT TO REACH MAXIMUM HEIGHT.

45. “HOW LONG”: What goes up must come down
When we throw an object UP and it returns to its initial position, the total displacement is…_________
Time of FLIGHT is duration of time object is in the air
d = 0
DERIVE THE EQUATION FOR THE TIME OF FLIGHT

46. TEST YOURSELF:A ball goes up
We have a situation to consider…The ball’s direction of travel is in the OPPOSITE direction of its acceleration.
THUS…
SO, what will happen to the speed as the ball rises?
DECREASE
Let’s say we gave the ball an initial upward velocity of about 40 m/s.
After 2 s, what will the velocity of the ball be?
How long will the ball be in the air?
How far will it rise in the air?

47. http://phet. colorado. edu/sims/projectile-motion/projectile-motion_en

48. GRAPHICAL
ANALYSIS OF
LINEAR MOTION

49. PHYSICS MR BALDWIN Graphing Motion 9/29 & 30/2014
AIM: How do we graphically represent the motion of an object?
DO NOW: Draw a distance-time graph of the function
Draw a velocity-time graph of the function
You can USE your calculator.
Home Work: Worksheet - Analyzing Graphs of Motion Without Numbers

50. CHECK
Looking at the equation of motion for distance of accelerated motion, what will the resulting distance-time graph look like?
PARABOLA
Looking at the equation of motion for velocity of accelerated motion, what will the resulting velocity-time graph look like?
STRAIGHT LINE (LINEAR)

51. Distance-Time graph of Uniformly Accelerated Motion
What type of curve is this?

52. Finding Speed: What can you say about the slope of the graph at any time?
The slope of the tangent to the distance-time graph at any point is the instantaneous speed at that point.
8.00 m/s
4.00 m/s

53. Speed-Time Graph of Uniformly Accelerated Motion
What information can we gain from the Slope of the velocity-time graph?

54. Speed-Time Graph of Uniformly Accelerated Motion
Slope gives acceleration of the body at each point.
Slope 2.00 m/s2
4.00 m/s
2.00 s

55. Distance-Time graph of an object moving at Constant Speed
This is a graph of d vs. t for an object moving with uniform motion.
The speed is the slope of the d-t graph.
CHECK
Which line has the greater speed? Explain.

56. Graphical Analysis of Linear Motion
On the left we have a graph of velocity-time for an object with varying velocity; on the right we have the resulting distance-time graph.
CHECK
What can you infer about the motions of the object during periods 1 – 4?

57. Graphical Analysis of Linear Motion
CHECK
How would you find the area under the velocity-time graph?
The distance, d, is the area beneath the velocity-time graph.
The smaller the rectangles the more precise the distance

58. PREDICTING MOTION GRAPHS
Draw a distance-time graph for an object 10 m away from a starting point at rest for 10 s.
Draw a distance-time graph for an object moving at a constant rate of 2.0 m/s.
Draw a distance-time graph for an object moving at a constant rate of 4.0 m/s.
Draw a velocity-time graph for an object moving at a constant rate of 10 m/s.
Draw a velocity-time graph for an object moving at a constant rate of –10 m/s.
Draw a velocity-time graph for an object accelerating at a constant rate of 2.0 m/s2.
Draw a velocity-time graph for an object decelerating at a constant rate of 2.0 m/s2.