1. CENTRAL--WESTERN EUROPE
CHAPTER 16
CENTRAL--WESTERN EUROPE

2. CHAPTER 16-SECTION 1 FRANCE CALLED A “HEXAGON”
IF YOU STRAITEN IT OUT IT HAS 6 SIDES
WATER SURROUNDS THIS COUNTRY ON 3 SIDES
ENGLISH CHANNEL
ATLANTIC OCEAN
MEDITERRANEAN SEA

4. REGIONS AND ECONOMICS NORTHERN FRANCE CAPITAL--PARIS PARIS BASIN
CENTER OF POLITICS AND INDUSTRY
PARIS BASIN
ENTIRE SEINE RIVER REGION
LILLE--INDUSTRIAL CITY NEAR PARIS
PRODUCES STEEL, TEXTILES, CHEMICALS

5. FRENCH REGIONS BY NAME

6. VINEYARDS OF THE SOUTHWEST
WARMER AND DRIER REGION
NOTED FOR GRAPE VINEYARDS AND THE PRODUCTION OF WINE
BORDEAUX REGION
PRODUCES FAMOUS BORDEAUX WINE,COGNAC, BURGUNDY WINES

7. SOUTHERN FRANCE BORDERED BY 2 MOUNTAIN RANGES
MASSIF MOUNTAINS
ALPS MOUNTAINS
REGION BISECTED BY THE RHONE RIVER
MASSIF REGION--LIMITED INDUSTRY AND AGRICULTURE
ALPS REGION-BORDER TO ITALY
NOTED FOR TOURISM--SKI RESORTS

8. SOUTHEASTERN FRANCE ALONG THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA NOTED TOURIST AREA
RIVERIA RESORT AREA
CANNES--FAMOUS FILM FESTIVAL
MARSEILLES--CHIEF SEAPORT
CONNECTS TO ALL THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA PORTS

9. EASTERN FRANCE-INDUSTRIAL AREA
RHINE RIVER VALLEY--RHINE RIVER
PART OF BORDER WITH GERMANY
ALSACE AND LORRAINE
CHIEF RESOURCE REGION
STRASBOURG-CHIEF PORT
BOTH GERMANY & FRANCE WANTED THIS REGION DURING WW I AND WW II

10. HISTORY OF FRANCE INITIALLY CALLED GAUL
CONQUERED BY ROMANS IN 100 B.C.
CHARLEMAGNE TURNS FRANCE INTO DOMINANT EMPIRE IN 800 A.D.
BECAME A KINGDOM OF FRANCE-1500’S
GERMANY INVADES FRANCE THREE TIMES.

11. HISTORY OF FRANCE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j1lreM8e6EM

12. LANGUAGE AND CULTURE STRONG NATIONAL IDENTITY
ONE LANGUAGE-DIFFERENT DIALECTS
VARIATIONS OF LANGUAGE
FAMOUS FOR ACHIEVMENTS IN:
ART--IMPRESSIONIST PAINTING
PHILOSOPHERS--VOLTAIRE & DESCARTES
FAMOUS MUSEUM--THE LOUVRE
THEATER, BALLET, OPERAS, ETC

13. FRANCE TODAY NATIONALIZED MANY BUSINESSES JOINED THE ECONOMIC ALLIANCE
CONTROLLED BY THE GOVERNMENT
JOINED THE ECONOMIC ALLIANCE
EUROPEAN ECONOMIC UNION
FACED RECESSION IN 1990’S-2000
HAS REFUSED TO JOIN OR HELP THE U.S. IN IRAQ.

14. CHAPTER 16--SECTION 2 GERMANY

15. GERMANY-A HISTORY OF BEING DIVIDED
800 AD, PART OF THE HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE
BROKEN INTO INDEPENDENT STATES
EMPIRE FURTHER DIVIDED BY PROTESTANT / CATHOLIC SPLIT IN 1500’S
BECAME THE GERMAN CONFEDERATION IN 1700’S

16. GERMANY IN WW. I AS PART OF TRIPLE ALLIANCE
FOUGHT IN WWI WITH THE CENTRAL POWERS
GERMANY, AUSTRIA-HUNGARY, OTTOMAN EMPIRE (TURKEY)
LOST THE WAR-FORCED TO PAY REPARATIONS
PAYMENTS TO “REPAIR” THE DAMAGES
CAUSED INFLATION, LED TO A DEPRESSION IN GERMANY.

17. GERMANY 1939-1945 RULED BY ADOLF HITLER
CONQUERED FRANCE & EASTERN EUROPE
RESPONSIBLE FOR THE HOLOCAUST
FELL TO THE ALLIES IN 1945
OCCUPIED IN EAST BY SOVIET UNION AND IN THE WEST BY U.S., ENGLAND, AND FRANCE.

18. GERMANY 1949-1990 GERMANY SPLIT INTO 2 SECTIONS
FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF WEST GERMANY
GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC-EAST
BERLIN WALL BUILT TO SEPARATE CITY
WALL TAKEN DOWN BY 1990

19. REGIONS OF GERMANY NORTHERN PLAIN--FARMING AREA
CAPITAL CITY OF BERLIN.
ELBE RIVER IS THE CHIEF RIVER OF THIS AREA.
LARGEST PORT--HAMBURG

20. CENTRAL GERMANY CHIEF INDUSTRIAL AREA MOST POPULATED AREA
RUHR VALLEY (IRON & STEEL PRODUCTION
LIGNITE (SOFT COAL)
MOST POPULATED AREA
2 MAJOR RIVERS OF THE AREA
RHINE RIVER
ELBE RIVER
FRANKFURT--BANKING CENTER OF GERMANY

21. MUNICH--CHIEF CULTURAL CENTER
SOUTHERN GERMANY
DOMINATED BY THE ALPS
RHINE AND DANUBE RIVER
MUNICH--CHIEF CULTURAL CENTER

22. GERMANY TODAY LEADING INDUSTRIAL NATION OF EUROPE
5TH IN THE WORLD IN GDP
PART OF THE EUROPEAN UNION
FAMOUS FOR:
INDUSTRY
BEER AND WINE
THE AUTOBAHN
PROBLEMS OF GERMANY:
OLDER POPULATION
UNEMPLOYMENT
POLLUTION

23. THE AUTOBAHN

24. CHAPTER 16 SECTION 3 THE BENELUX COUNTRIES
BELGIUM, NETHERLANDS, LUXEMBOURG
ALSO CALLED THE LOW COUNTRIES
SMALL LAND AREA BUT DENSE POPULATION. (26.4 MILLION PEOPLE)

25. THE NETHERLANDS MOST OF LAND SURROUNDED BY EMBANKMENTS OF EARTH & ROCK
DIKES BUILT BY DUTCH AND ROMANS
RECLAIMED LAND BY PUMPING OUT WATER--LAND CALLED “POLDER”
1/3 OF THE LAND IS BELOW SEA LEVEL.

27. MAKING USE OF THE LAND AND LOCATION
16 MILLION PEOPLE IN SMALL AREA
50% OF LAND USED IN AGRICULTURE
RANDSTAD--METROPOLIS OF 4 CITIES
LAND CANNOT BE WASTED
PORT CITIES MAKE IT LEADING TRADE NATION OF EUROPE!
CAPITAL IS AMSTERDAM (THE HAGUE IS WHERE THE GOVERNMENT IS LOCATED)

28. BELGIUM A LAND OF DIFFERENT CULTURES 30% SPEAK FRENCH--WALLOONS
55% SPEAK FLEMISH--(DUTCH)
ONLY ALLOWED THE WALLOONS TO HOLD GOVERNMENT JOBS
CAPITAL CITY OF BRUSSELS
GOVERNMENT DECENTRALIZED
DIVIDED INTO 3 REGIONS:
WALLONIA, FLANDERS, BRUSSELS

29. FACTS ON BELGIUM Belgium has a literacy rate of 99%
The life expectancy is 78.6
85% of Belgians live in towns and cities
Nearly 80% of the population of Belgium is Roman Catholic

31. LUXEMBOURG ONLY 990 SQUARE MILES 3 MAIN LANGUAGES
SMALLER THAN RHODE ISLAND
3 MAIN LANGUAGES
FRENCH, GERMAN, LUXMBOURGISH
VERY HIGH STANDARD OF LIVING.
STEEL AND HIGH TECH INDUSTRY
MEMBER OF THE EUROPEAN UNION
CAPITAL CITY IS ALSO “LUXEMBOURG”

33. SECTION 4--SWITZERLAND AND AUSTRIA
ALPS MAKE UP HALF OF THESE COUNTRIES
BOTH COUNTRIES POLITICALLY NEUTRAL
NEITHET BELONG TO NATO

34. SWITZERLAND HAS 3 OFFICIAL LANGUAGES GERMAN (64%) FRENCH (19%)
ITALIAN (ROMANASCH)
OFFICIAL NAME IS “CONFEDERATION HELVETICA”
CAPITAL CITY IS “BERN”

35. SWITZERLAND-PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT CULTURE
FORMED IN 1291 WHEN 3 CANTONS OR (STATES) COMBINED--SWISS CONFEDERATION.
SWITZERLAND HAS NOT BEEN IN A WAR SINCE BEEN NEUTRAL!
TODAY COUNTRY HAS 26 CANTONS!
EACH CANTON IS SELF GOVERNING

36. SWITZERLAND’S ECONOMY
NO RESOURCES-NO HEAVY INDUSTRY
SKILLED LABOR PRODUCTS
SWISS WATCHES
MICROSCOPES
MEDICINES
SWISS BANKING WORLD FAMOUS
RELY HEAVILY ON TOURISM TO THE SWISS ALPS

37. AUSTRIA ONCE WAS PART OF LARGE AUSTRIA-HUNGARY EMPIRE.
DEFEAT IN WWI COST AUSTRIA LARGE AMOUNTS OF LAND
TODAY DOMINATED BY THE ALPS.
MOST OF THE POPULATION LIVES IN EASTERN LOWLANDS

38. AUSTRIA’S ECONOMY
LIKE SWITZERLAND, CONCENTRATE ON SPECIALIZED INDUSTRY.
MACHINE TOOLS, CHEMICALS, TEXTILES
AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES:
DAIRY FARMIMNG
MINERAL RESOURCES INCLUDE IRON ORE IN EASTERN ALPS, ALUMINUM, MAGNESIUM, COPPER, LEAD.
STRIP MINING

39. VIENNA-CAPITAL CITY