2. Think: How could people first get to the Americas?

3. What does it mean to be “civilized” to an archeologist?

4. Migration To The Americas ArchaeologyThe study of the unwritten past Uses artifacts - remains of objects used Hypothesize what happened (could be wrong)

5. Discuss with a partner: Would you like to be an archaeologist? Why or why not? (R, F, D)

6. Migration (Cont.) Migration To move from place to place Paleo-Indians were pursuing food, NOT going for a hike!

7. Where did the Paleo-Indians, or first Americans come from? During the Ice Age much of the world grew very cold. Water froze into huge moving ice sheets called glaciers. Ocean levels dropped more than 300 feet lower than they are today.

8. Migration BeringiaLand bridge connecting Asia and North America Ice Age - 38,000 to 10,000 B.C. Paleo-Indians chased food (wooly mammoth) across Beringia

10. Discuss with a neighbor: From what you now know, what is wrong with this picture?

11. “The low lying land bridge was no landscape of gently waving grass… It was a tireless, arctic land, covered with a patchwork of very different types of vegetation.” - Bryan Fagan, Ancient North America Discuss with a partner: What does this quote suggest about the harshness of the journey across the Beringia land bridge? Why would the Paleo-Indians have made this journey?

12. Migration ClimateWeather of a region Different climates have different vegetation (plants) and animals People need to adapt (change) to the climate they are in

13. Migration (cont.) Societies Different climates forced creation of different Native American groups Have a common culture Set of values and traditions Culture

14. Migration (cont.) Formation of TribesAs groups spread out over North and South America, very different groups are formed All adapt to their environment

19. Central and South America MayaLived on the Yucatan peninsula in Mexico Famous for math and astronomy Had a 365 day calendar Lived from 300 to 900 A.D.

24. Aztec (Triple Alliance) Comparatively violent society Lived in modern day Mexico from 1200 to about 1550 A.D. Vast empire based on trade Tenochtitlan - capital of 300,000 people

29. Inka (Inca) Lived in the Andes mountains above 10,000 feet of elevation (Peru and Chile) Used llamas for transport (no horses) Amazing builders - 25,000 miles of roads with steps up mountains Dug canals and terraced mountains