2. Changing Patterns of Life Chapter 14:iii

3. “Only men of noble birth can obtain perfection. The poor, who work with their hands and have not the time to cultivate their minds, are incapable of it.” - Lorenzo de’Medici

4. Early books cost a lot because they were copied by hand.

5. Europeans learned how to make paper from the Arabs.

6. Engravers experimented with printing books from wood blocks in the 1300s.

7. They carved a page on the block, which was then inked and pressed on paper.

8. German engravers developed moveable type by the 1400s.

9. Johann Gutenberg of Mainz is the German printer credited with developing moveable type.

10. There were over 250 presses in Europe turning out books by 1500.

11. Fewer than fifty original editions of the Gutenberg Bible survive.

12. Because of the use of paper and the advent of the printing press, ideas spread rapidly.

13. Much of the newly-printed material covered such diverse topics as: religion mining medicine philosophy politics

14. The new methods of printing allowed the ideas of church reformers like Martin Luther to circulate.

15. The writings of the Belgian Valerius corrected many of the errors about human anatomy held by physicians of the time.

16. Social and Economic Changes in Renaissance Europe

17. People mostly lived and worked in extended families during Medieval times.

18. During the Renaissance, nuclear families gradually began to emerge in towns and cities.

19. The Bubonic Plague killed close to one- third of the population of Western Europe.

20. Physicians wore bizarre-looking clothing to avoid being contaminated by people sick with the plague.

21. Women’s occupations changed little during the Renaissance.

22. Their main responsibilities were raising the children and taking care of the family.

23. Women and children worked alongside the men in the fields during sowing and harvesting time.

24. Some women worked as household servants.

25. Many women earned money as spinners and weavers.

26. Women in the merchant class helped manage family businesses.

27. A few women played central roles in governing city-states or nations.

28. Catherine de’Medici, widow of King Henry II of France, acted as regent for her sons until they were old enough to rule.