1. Environmental Sustainability Index (ESI) IB SL

2. What Is It? Uses 21 indicators and 76 measurements to create a “sustainability score” for each country. The higher the score = better environmental sustainability.

3. Comparing Countries The 10 most sustainable countries ranked by the ESI are mainly wealthy, sparsely populated nations with an abundance of natural resources. The only densely populated countries with an above average ranking include Japan, Germany, Italy, and The Netherlands.

4. ESI ESI RankCountryESI Score 1Switzerland95.5 2Sweden93.1 13Germany86.3 21Japan84.5 51South Korea79.4 95Zimbabwe69.3 105China65.1 120India60.3 125Bangladesh58.0 149Niger39.1

5. Environmental Sustainability Essential for helping poor people (highly dependant on the environment and it’s resources). Climate change affects all countries but mainly LEDC’s and their environmental sustainability.

6. Problems Today Overfishing has meant that many fisheries have collapsed. 60% of the world’s ecosystems are being used unsustainably or exploited. 10-30% of mammal, bird, and amphibian species face extinction. 40% of all forested areas has been lost and this is set to continue.

7. Challenges Education? Research? Who makes these decisions? Economic growth of countries? Investments?

8. Activity From what you have just seen and using A2 Geography P198-199, answer the following questions... 1.How useful/accurate is the ESI in ranking the environmental sustainability of countries? 2.Using figure 5.47 on P198, outline how unsustainability is human induced. 3.Explain how mainly MEDC’s could be held responsible for the natural and social signs of unsustainability (using P198-199).