1. Dr. Christophe Mihalcea Industrial waste gases and the circular economy. Advanced Bioeconomy Feedstocks Conference New Orleans June 2015

2. Use Carbon where Required

3. Recycle to Reduce Pressure on Reserves
Steel
Aluminum
Glass
Plastic
Carbon C
Ore
Alum
Minerals
Oil
Oil
Carbon Reduction through Re-use and Recycling
Carbon Reduction through Re-use and Recycling
A 2-degree carbon budget will require countries to leave 80 % of coal, 50 % of gas and 33 % of global oil untouched.
Organization for Economic Growth and Development, Nature

4. C The LanzaTech Process is Driving Innovation
Gas Feed Stream
Gas Reception
Compression
Fermentation
Recovery
Product Tank
Novel gas fermentation technology captures CO-rich gases and converts the carbon to fuels and chemicals
Proprietary
Microbe
Process recycles waste carbon into fuels and chemicals
Process brings underutilized carbon into the fuel pool via industrial symbiosis
Potential to make material impact on the future energy pool (>100s of billions of gallons per year)
Innovative: gases are sole source of energy
Proprietary: 60 patents, including two proprietary microbe patents
Integrative: Direct production of fuels and chemicals (2,3 Butanediol, Isoprene, Propanol, Butanol, MEK); multi step production of chemicals and chemical intermediates (olefins)
Thermo Chemical Opportunities: 2,3 Butanediol produced through the LanzaTech Process can be used to make true “Drop in” hydrocarbon fuels (gasoline, diesel, jet fuel).
The LanzaTech (LT) process converts waste gas from steel mills to ethanol. These steel mill gases are often flared and emitted as CO2. By producing fuel from these waste gases, the LT process addresses critical sustainability issues related to land use and competition with food: it requires no land other than existing industrial facilities to co-locate plants and its carbon resource is entirely independent of the food chain. C

5. Waste carbon streams as a Resource
Industrial Waste Gas
Steel, PVC, Ferroalloys
Biogas
LFG, Methane
Solid Waste
Industrial, MSW, DSW
Biomass
CO2
~ 1.4B MTA (Steel only) *
~184.2T M3 *
>2B MTA *
>1.3B MTA (US Alone) *
Reforming
Gasification
Renewable H2
Renewable
Electricity CO
CO + H2
CO + H2 + CO2
CO2 + H2
CO2 + H2O + e-
Gas Fermentation
Available
High Volume/Low Intrinsic Value
Most Point Sourced
Non-Food
*2010 global production; 2012 proven gas reserves data (IEA, UNEP, IndexMundi, US DOE Billion Ton Update)

6. Steel Gases: 30Bn Gal Ethanol Capacity
Iceland
RUSSIA
1,830
USA
925
W. EUROPE
4,870
Russia
CHINA
10,800
S. KOREA
1,270
Kazakhistan
United States
E. EUROPE
1,300
China
JAPAN
3,750
Mexico
Thailand
BRAZIL
955
INDIA
1,315
Indonesia
Brazil
Australia
Argentina
Country
TOTAL
27,015 MMGPY
Potential Ethanol Production Capacity (MMGPY)
Steel Mills (>5 MT/year) 6

7. Proprietary Acetogenic Biocatalyst
Acetogenic bacterium with ability to utilize gases as sole energy and carbon source CO
CO+H2 or CO+CO2+H2
CO2+H2
LanzaTech has developed a proprietary
strain of Clostridium autoethanogenum
Obtained by extensive natural selection program, having improved characteristics over parent
High gas uptake and ethanol production rates
Fast growth on defined minimal media
Non-sporulating and non-motile
Sequencing revealed several variations
to parent 1
Deletion
Variation
Insertion
Rearrangement 7

8. Per tonne of LanzaTech Ethanol
Why does it matter?
1 tonne ethanol produced as CO averted from flare
5.2 barrels of gasoline are displaced by every tonne of ethanol produced
CO2
Gas Feed Stream
Gas reception
Compression
Fermentation
Recovery
Product tank
The LanzaTech Process CO
Per tonne of LanzaTech Ethanol
CO2 MT
kg PM
kg NOx
Averted from flare
2.1
0.6
4.1
Displaced gasoline
+0.5
+2.5
+7.4
Energy required for LanzaTech Process
-0.8
-0.2
Avoided per tonne of ethanol
1.8
2.9
10.7

9. Recycling Waste Gases Produces Low Carbon Fuels
Reduce GHG Emissions
50-70% GHG Reduction over Petroleum Gasoline
Conventional Gasoline
LanzaTech
Ethanol
120
100 80 60 40 20
gCO2 e/MJ
Life Cycle GHG Emission 90 33
Reduce Air Pollutants
>85% reduction in NOx and Particulate Matter compared to combustion at a typical US steel mill
Life Cycle Analyses (LCA) performed in cooperation with , Michigan Tech University,, Roundtable on Sustainable Biomaterials (RSB), E4Tech, and Tsinghua University

10. Broader Environmental Impact
LanzaTech Process emits ~40% less NOx and ~80% fewer particulates than electricity generation per MJ energy recovered
NOx
&
Particulates
Steel Mill
Steel production
Waste Gases
Grid
Electricity Generation
Electricity
LanzaTech Process emits 33% less CO2 than electricity generation per MJ energy recovered
LanzaTech Process
Ethanol
Gasoline Pool
Carbon is Only Part of the Story

11. The LanzaTech Process: Ready for Deployment Today
Gas Feed Stream
Gas Reception
Compression
Fermentation
Recovery
Product Tank
Proprietary
Microbe
Gas fermentation technology converts C-rich gases to fuels and chemicals
40,000 combined hours on stream
Multiple runs exceeding 2000 hours
Talk about importance of being able to restart after shut down periods (true refining operation)
Innovative: gases are sole source of energy
Proprietary: 60 patents, including two proprietary microbe patents
Integrative: Direct production of fuels and chemicals (2,3 Butanediol, Isoprene, Propanol, Butanol, MEK); multi step production of chemicals and chemical intermediates (olefins)
Thermo Chemical Opportunities: 2,3 Butanediol produced through the LanzaTech Process can be used to make true “Drop in” hydrocarbon fuels (gasoline, diesel, jet fuel).
The LanzaTech (LT) process converts waste gas from steel mills to ethanol. These steel mill gases are often flared and emitted as CO2. By producing fuel from these waste gases, the LT process addresses critical sustainability issues related to land use and competition with food: it requires no land other than existing industrial facilities to co-locate plants and its carbon resource is entirely independent of the food chain.
Multiple plants at various scales demonstrating different key aspects of process

12. Pre commercial steel mill demonstrations
Performance milestones exceeded
First commercial in design; fully financed in China
Exceeded design capacity
Local chemicals, water
Shougang
WBT (CSC/LCY)
Mitigating Scale up Risk through Successful Technology Demonstration
Bao
Glenbrook

13. Performance milestones achieved and exceeded for >1000 hours
The LanzaTech Process
Gas Feed Stream
Gas Reception
Compression
Fermentation
Recovery
Product Tank C
Proprietary
Microbe
Gas fermentation technology converts C-rich gases to fuels and chemicals
Innovative: gases are sole source of energy
Proprietary: 60 patents, including two proprietary microbe patents
Integrative: Direct production of fuels and chemicals (2,3 Butanediol, Isoprene, Propanol, Butanol, MEK); multi step production of chemicals and chemical intermediates (olefins)
Thermo Chemical Opportunities: 2,3 Butanediol produced through the LanzaTech Process can be used to make true “Drop in” hydrocarbon fuels (gasoline, diesel, jet fuel).
The LanzaTech (LT) process converts waste gas from steel mills to ethanol. These steel mill gases are often flared and emitted as CO2. By producing fuel from these waste gases, the LT process addresses critical sustainability issues related to land use and competition with food: it requires no land other than existing industrial facilities to co-locate plants and its carbon resource is entirely independent of the food chain.
Performance milestones achieved and exceeded for >1000 hours

14. 1 Organism, over 20 Products…
Lab Scale Process
Scaled-Up Process
Discovery
Biodiesel (FAEE)
3-Hydroxypropionate (3-HP)
CO/H2
Fatty Acids,
Terpenoids
Aromatics
Jet Fuel
Isoprene
Aromatics
Pyruvate
Partnerships
Butylene
1,3-Butadiene
Biopolymers
Succinate
Lactate
Methyl Ethyl Ketone (MEK)
2-Butanol
Acetoin
1,2-Propanediol
1-Propanol
Amino Acids
2,3-Butanediol (2,3-BDO)
Acetyl-CoA
Ethanol
Acetate
Isopropanol
Acetone
1-Butanol
1,3-Butanediol (1,3-BDO)
Butyrate
3-Hydroxy
Butyrate (3-HB)

15. C4 Chemicals from Gases: BDO/Butadiene
Two Step Route:
1. Butanediol production
CO + H2 OH
H3C
CH3
2,3-Butanediol
Reductive Elimination
Catalytic Dehydration
1,3-Butadiene
Methyl Ethyl Ketone (MEK/Butanone)
Butenes
1-Butylene (But-1-ene)
2-Butylene (But-2-ene)
Isobutylene (2-Methylpropene) H C
CH2
CH3 1 2 3 4
H3C
H3C-CH2-C O
2. Catalytic conversion
Direct route:
Developing
a Butadiene
producing
organism
New Route to C4s Without Current Supply Challenges 15

16. New pathways: CO2 as Carbon Source

17. Lipid Product Markets Acetate to Lipids Algae/Yeast Biomass Long Chain
Hydrocarbon Transport Fuels
>US $ 3 trillion/year
Algae/Yeast
Biomass
Animal Feeds
US $370 billion/yr
Long Chain
Fatty Acids
Omega 3
Fatty Acids
Acetate to Lipids
Omega 3
Fatty Acids
Food, Nutritional Supplements
US $25 billion/yr
Medium/Long
Chain
Fatty Acids
Oleochemicals
US $15 billion/yr

18. Conversion of Acetic Acid to LipidsH2
Acetate
Carbon
Source
Energy
Lipid Profile of Yeast using Acetate
Lipid Profile of Algae using Acetate
Lipids are predominantly saturated C16 & C18
Direct feed, no purification
Work done in a collaboration with Advanced Bio-Energy Research Centre at Indian Oil Corporation - IOC.
Strains identified that grow of LanzaTech broth using acetate as the sole source of carbon and energy.
Algae accumulate lipids to >50% of their cell mass.
25% of lipids content are Omega-3 fatty acids (Specifically DHA).
Work done in a collaboration with Prof Kent Zhao of the Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics.
Strains identified that grow of LanzaTech broth using acetate as the sole source of carbon and energy.
Yeast accumulate lipids to >70% of their cell mass.
Yeast
algae
2nd fermentation
Acetate to Lipid conversion by yeast or algae
Patent filed, optimization underway

19. Acetic acid production from H2/CO2 using A
Acetic acid production from H2/CO2 using A. woodii in LanzaTech’s single fermenter system setup
Step change in achievable acetate broth concentration (from 2.5 to 4wt%)
Optimized media recipe
Stable high level production
Acetic acid production rates at 180g/L/d at a concentration of 30g/L were achieved in single fermenter system.
Selectivity of acetic acid is ~95% as no other products apart from biomass is produced

20. Lipid composition of acetate–fed algae
Acetate consumption rates: ~80g/L/d
Lipid Composition:
Constant across dilution rates
Consistently ~22% of lipids = DHA omega-3 fatty acid

21. “Electrosynthesis” the next step for LanzaTech
CO2 e-
electrical energy
LanzaTech converts CO2 and electrons to products with no run-off, land use change, or environmental uncertainty issues associated with crops
Crops convert CO2 and solar energy in to Biomass
Biomass
Wind
Solar
Sources of electrons:
Bacteria that use gases such as CO2 as their source of carbon derive the energy needed from electrons.
LanzaTech bacteria can ferment CO2 and H2
LanzaTech have shown enhanced reactor performance with electron-assisted fermentation (Patent application: US61/295,145)
Prof. Derek Lovley at U Mass (Amherst) is the leading researcher in this “electrofuels” field
Prof. Lovley and LanzaTech are establishing a joint research effort (government funded) in this area
This work is a natural extension of the microbial, synthetic bio, and engineering work being undertaken on the LanzaTech platform
Natural feedstock extension of the LanzaTech Platform technology

22. LanzaTech Global Partnerships