1. Contraception or Birth Control Mrs Teo CC
(diagrams provided by Ms Angela Ng)

2. Family Planning by a couple refers to
limiting the number of children to have
and
spacing out the arrival of children
made possible by practising
birth control or contraception
which prevents
fertilisation (sperm and egg cannot meet) or
ovulation or
a fertilised egg from being implanted in the uterine lining

3. Contraceptive Methods
Temporary Methods Permanent Methods
(couples cannot have any more children in future, very difficult to reverse)
(couples can have children when they stop using the methods)

4. Temporary Contraceptive Methods
1. Use of spermicides
- chemicals to kill sperm, in form of gels, aerosol foam or tablets, placed in vagina before intercourse, used together with diaphragm or condom - prevent fertilisation
2. use of contraceptive pills
- prevent ovulation prescribed by doctor
3. use of contraceptive devices, such as
condoms and diaphragms
(prevent sperm from meeting the egg and so prevent fertilisation)
intra-uterine devices
(prevent implantation of the embryo in the uterine lining

5. Contraceptive Devices
The condom
a rubber tube worn over erect penis to collect the semen, so no sperm can enter vagina
can also prevent spread of sexually-transmitted diseases since impermeable to bacteria and viruses

6. Contraceptive Devices
The diaphragm
- dome-shaped rubber cap with elastic rim
- inserted into top of vagina and placed over cervix
- spermicide may be used together with it

7. Contraceptive Devices
The intra-uterine device (IUD)
- a coil or loop of plastic or metal, inserted into uterus
- prevents implantation of embryo
- needs to be fitted by a doctor

8. The Intra uterine device (IUD)

9. Permanent Contraceptive Methods
vasectomy (male sterilisation)
ligation (female sterilisation)
 - a section from the middle of each sperm duct is cut and ends tied - prevents flow of sperm to urethra - semen released contains only fluid from sex glands
- mid-portion of each oviduct is cut and ends tied - prevents released egg from travelling through oviduct to reach uterus