1. Aspects of partial discharge measurement
1 Introduction 2 Historical overview
3 Digital measuring techniques
4 Future trends
5 Summary
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering
University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

2. Aspects of partial discharge measurement
1 Introduction
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering
University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

3. why it´s necessary to know more about partial discharges (pd)?
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering
University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

4. University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
For avoiding outages of electri-cal power supply the measure-ment of pd´s seems to be neces-sary
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering
University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

5. University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
pd´s can be an indicator for „weak points“ into the electrical insulation !
pd might be caused by
poor design of the insulation
failures during manufacturing or assembling
failures by electrical, thermal, mechanical, …
overstress in operation
normal ageing or degradation processes
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering
University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

6. University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
the pd- measurement as an important tool for quality control is used not only in the electrical power engineering, but more and more in other application fields of electrical insulation
low voltage power devices
(motors, transformers, .. )
electronic devices …
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering
University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

7. typical quality defects in MV- GIS
- particle on the insulators
missing bolts or bad contacts
on conductor- connections
- free potential components
- microvoids into insulators
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering
University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

8. University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
typical quality defects in power cables
protrusions on
conductive sheets
microvoids
cracks (conductive, insulated)
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering
University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

9. University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
typical quality defects in power cables
water tree (wt)
wt + electrical tree
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering
University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

10. University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
typical quality defects in power cables
oil- paper cable connectors
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering
University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

11. basic questions for pd measurement
how pd´s can be measured ?
 principles
 sensitivity
kind of failure („weak points“) ?
 identification
dangerousness
where pd´s (weak points) are
located ?  localization
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering
University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

12. Aspects of partial discharge measurement
1 Introduction 2 Historical overview
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering
University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

13. University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
Historical overview
[G.C.Lichtenberg, 1777)]
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering
University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

14. University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
Historical overview
detection of failures on overhead lines and power transformers
(B.Koske 1939)
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering
University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

15. apparent charge q measurement principles 1:Tp / T2 = 1 µs / 5 µs
2:Tp / T2 = 5 ns / 50 ns
3:Tp / T2 = 5 ns / 20 ns
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering
University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

16. University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
first devices
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering
University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

17. narrowband measuring devices
less disturbances
easy handling
no special experiences
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering
University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

18. broadband measuring devices
more information about the pd- processes
more suszeptibly to noise, disturbances
special knowledge is requested
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering
University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

19. University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
first devices
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering
University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

20. measurement principles
[IEC 60270]
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering
University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

21. University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
real pd spectra
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering
University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

22. Standardized measuring circuit
[IEC 270, 60270]
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering
University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

23. How dangerous are pd´s ?
Is there any correlation between the measured charge and the lifetime ?
Qkrit = ?
moisture of paper w
 more informations about the pd- processes were necessary !
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering
University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

24. Aspects of partial discharge measurement
[Izeki, Tatsuta, 1984]
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering
University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

25. Aspects of partial discharge measurement
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering
University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

26. Aspects of partial discharge measurement
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering
University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

27. Aspects of partial discharge measurement
typical PRPP
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering
University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

28. Aspects of partial discharge measurement
1 Introduction 2 Historical overview
3 Digital measuring techniques
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering
University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

29. digital measurement techniques
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering
University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

30. digital measurement techniques
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering
University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

31. digital measurement techniques
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering
University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

32. digital measurement techniques
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering
University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

33. digital measurement techniques
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering
University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

34. digital measurement techniques
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering
University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

35. digital measurement techniques
model
sensors 1
recognition
diagnosis
analysis, 2
action
data acquisition
cbm, service,
risk assess-ment n
database
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering
University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

36. digital measurement techniques
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering
University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

37. statistical parameters of pd´s
[see also Gulski, 1991]
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering
University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

38. digital measurement techniques
statistical data of typical pd- sources stored in a database
 diagnostic (expert) system
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering
University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

39. Aspects of partial discharge measurement
typical pd- reference -data -base
of available pd- systems ?
measured pd - pattern
product- specifical- pd- data
must be obtained !
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering
University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

40. Aspects of partial discharge measurement
high measuring sensitivity
high susceptibility to noise, disturbances, …
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering
University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

41. Sources of electromagnetic disturbances
1 net connection
2, 11 power supply
3 hv- transformer
4 low pass filter
5 hv leads
6 coupling cap.
7 free potential obj.
8 stochastic disturb.
9 periodic disturb.
10 ground
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering
University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

42. suppression of disturbances
radio/HF- suppression
impuls- suppression
amplifyer
electronic integrator
processing
reflection- suppression
[Lemke, 1981]
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering
University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

43. suppression of disturbances
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering
University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

44. suppression of disturbances
screening of the testroom
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering
University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

45. suppression of disturbances
noise signals, caused by SFC- generator, located in the same testroom
new methods for suppression of disturbances are requested
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering
University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

46. University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
localization of the pd- producing „weak points“ ?
 classical method (reflectrometry)
non electrical (classical) methods
(acoustical, optical, …)
 ultra- high- frequency method (UHF)
(electromagnetic field , combined with
acoustic measurement)
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering
University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

47. (classical) principle of reflectrometry
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering
University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

48. methods of failure localization in cable- joints -12 3 A B C D
Richtkoppler
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering
University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

49. methods of failure localization in cable- joints -2
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering
University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

50. methods of failure localization (classical acoustic method)
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering
University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

51. Aspects of partial discharge measurement
1 Introduction 2 Historical overview
3 Digital measuring techniques
4 Future trends
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering
University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

52. University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
future trends
 measuring sensitivity vs noise, disturbances
(digital procedures, neuronal networks)
 interpretation of pd- parameter
(identifying, correlation to the lifetime)
 localization of defects
on site testing
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering
University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

53. spectral analyzing of pd
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering
University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

54. spectral analyzing of pd
pd source
zero span
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering
University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

55. University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
digital de- noising
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering
University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

56. University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
digital de- noising
[Kranz, 1996]
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering
University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

57. identification of pd sources
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering
University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

58. identification of pd sources
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering
University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

59. identification of pd sources
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering
University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

60. identification of pd sources
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering
University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

61. identification of pd sources
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering
University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

62. identification of pd sources
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering
University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

63. multichannel pd measurement
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering
University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

64. multichannel pd measurement
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering
University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

65. University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
dangerousness of pd
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering
University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

66. University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
dangerousness of pd
for better understanding the physical processes of damaging or deterioration of insulation more/ other informations about the pd- processes seem to be necessary
Δupd
Δwpd
- …
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering
University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

67. new parameters of pd- processes
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering
University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

68. new parameters of pd- processes
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering
University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

69. new methods of failure localization
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering
University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

70. new methods of failure localization
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering
University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

71. new methods of failure localization (combined UHF - acoustic method)
acoustic measurement will be triggered by UHF- signal
[Markalous, 2006]
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering
University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

72. Aspects of partial discharge measurement
1 Introduction 2 Historical overview
3 Digital measuring techniques
4 Future trends
5 Summary
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering
University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

73. University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
summary
pd measurements are up to now an essen-
tial tool for quality testing of electrical insulation
and diagnostic purposes
progress in digital techniques makes it possible
getting more informations about pd`s at
increased sensitivity
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering
University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

74. University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
summary
basic investigations of insulation materials for
finding a correlation between pd- parameters
and lifetime
increasing measuring sensitivity for diagnostic
measurements even under on- site conditions
(new methods of filtering, neuronal networks, ..)
using combined techniques for improved
localization
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering
University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

75. University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
Thank you
Questions ?
& Answers !
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering
University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik