1. What were the reasons for the success of the Umayyad Empire? Weakness of Byzantine and Persian Empires Muslims welcomed as liberators (better than the other guys) Fighting methods (Camel and horse cavalry)

2. How did Umayyads treat the conquered people? Special Tax on Non-Muslims Did not convert – Taxes support military Christians and Jews helped society Muslims told to live separately from them

3. What were the benefits for conversion? Political or economic advantage Islam’s simple direct message No hierarchy No priests Equality

4. Identify 3 reasons for the decline of the Umayyad Empire Adapt to ruling a large empire Relied on local officials Non-Arabs did not have the same rights Tensions between wealthy and poor Corruption of Leaders

5. Umayyad Empire

6. Abbasid Empire Who was the Founder of the Abbasid Empire Abu al-Abbas Identify 4 changes that happened under the Abbasid Empire No large military Islam became more diverse Learning Ended discrimination Wealth grew Moved the Capital to Baghdad

7. Abbasid Empires

8. Compare and Contrast the Umayyad and Abbasid Empires Umayyad Only Military Harsh treatment of Non- Muslims Larger Kingdom Liked money Capital Damascus Abbasid Only Total Equality Capital Baghdad No military Smaller Empire Learning Persian Influence

9. Ottoman Empire What was the capital of the Ottoman Empire? Istanbul (formally Constantinople) Identify 3 contributions of Suleiman the Magnificent Modernized the Army Conquered new lands Organized government Ruled through edicts

10. Ottoman Society Men of the Sword -Soldiers -All Muslim Men of the Pen -Scientists, lawyers, judges poets -All Muslim Men of Negotiation -Merchants, Tax Collectors, Artisans -Non Muslims Included Men of Husbandry -Farmer and Herders -Non Muslims Included

11. Ottoman vs. Safavid CharacteristicsOttomansSafavids CapitalIstanbulIsfahan Dates1299 - 19231501 – 1736 Strongest RulerSuleimanShah Abbas Extend of EmpireMiddle East/Western Europe Persia Type of IslamSunniShiite Relationship with EuropeConquered their lands after Suleiman died Tolerated Christianity, Tried to be allies against Ottomans