1. Mapping Social Networks to Address Family Planning Use Global Health Mini-University 2014

2. GOAL: Reduce unmet need for family planning in intervention areas (2 health zones of Couffo, Benin) RESEARCH TO: Develop and test social network interventions to overcome socio- cultural barriers to family planning use Understand the dynamic nature of unmet need PARTNERS: Institute for Reproductive Health CARE Plan International TÉKPONON JIKUAGOU

3. Social Network: « … a group of social entities, whether individuals or organizations, linked together through social interactions.>> Focuses on relationships, not individuals Based on empirical evidence that highly interconnected, centrally located individuals adopt innovations more quickly SOCIAL NETWORK APPROACH

4. WHY A SOCIAL NETWORK APPROACH? Research shows social barriers are principal factors contributing to unmet need for FP: Partner/community disapproval Lack of communication about FP Misconceptions about FP methods Individuals interact with, learn from, and get information from others Therefore, social networks can influence and support diffusion of information and new ideas about FP

5. SOCIAL NETWORKS INFLUENCE DIFFUSION THROUGH…. Social Learning Members of a network exchange ideas and information; they evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of an innovation Social Influence Members of a network serve as “guardians” of social norms in order to gain approval and avoid conflict

6. Connectors have the shortest path to others. hey are gatekeepers, brokers, control the flow, liaise between cliques. Influencers are the most nominated individuals in a network. They have direct influence on more people. CONNECTORS & INFLUENCERS

7. Classic Network Mapping – Data Collection Identify each person in the village, who they link with, and who they influence

8. Isolate Women Men People whe were mentioned Size of the square = Influence Influencer Connecter Analyzed with Unicet software To understand connections and village social dynamics To identify influencers and connectors with whom to work Generate a Social Network Map

9. Participatory mapping of key social organizations and community resources and identification and ranking of influential groups and individuals Mapping activities and analysis designed to ensure multiple social perspectives: women men youth socially marginalized COMMUNITY SOCIAL MAPPING – DATA COLLECTION

10. Generate qualitative socially-focused information to: learn about groups and formal and informal leaders gain understanding of the social organization of a community help outsiders understand which groups and individuals are well-connected and respected and influence the spread of ideas and attitudes Guide decisions about which groups and people to work with

11. Community social mapping provides a practical translation of classic social network mapping SOCIAL NETWORKS  influential social groups OPINION LEADERS  Influential People CONNECTORS & INFLUENCERS  Among influential people and groups identified Need for practical tool to rapidly identify influential groups and individuals for social network-based approaches !

12. Meetings with local authorities to introduce project and initial participation Preparations for mapping activities Step 1: Community Introduction

13. Step 2: Community identification of potential influential groups using matrix ranking techniques 1. Name 2. Type of activities 3. Sex 4. Age range 5. Size 6. Meeting frequency 7. Links with others 8. Influence

14. Staff review matrix rankings to select potential women’s, men’s, and mixed sex groups for engagement with TJ InfluenceConnectivity Meeting Frequency Size Age Range Step 3: Selection of groups with diffusion- potential based on community analysis

15. Learn about a community’s social dynamics and organization Identify socially-influential people, particularly in areas of health and social well- being Step 4: Community development of a social map and listing of influential individuals

16. Staff meet with selected groups and influentials Assess FP attitudes using a series of questions Confirm their influence in the community through participatory Venn diagramming Ascertain interest in working on issues of unmet need and family planning – and with TJ Project G₂G₂ G₃G₃ G₁G₁ GV G1: Information exchange within group. G2: Some shared decision-making G3: Strong shared decision-making Step 5: Validation

17. ADD DIVIDING SLIDE: METHODS SOCIAL NETWORK VS. COMMUNITY MOBILIZATION APPROACHES

18. Social network – Groups and reflective dialogue Other social mobilization approaches 1.Work with a few strategically selected groups (3/village) 2.The group animater (catalyser) chosen by members 3.Focus on reflective dialogue, with expectation of outward diffusion of focus themes 4.Project follows rhythm of group schedule 1.Groups often established by project and often only target women 2.Choice of groups and discussion leaders not linked to their social network potential 3.Focus on subject (messages), with expectation of individual-level change only 4.Groups follow schedule established by project COMPARISON: GROUPS

19. APPROACH: INDIVIDUALS Social network – Influential individuals and commitments to action Other FP social mobilization approaches 1.Work with a few (about 5 per village) influential individuals identified by community (formal and non-formal) 2.Allow persons to identify their own actions and commitments to address issues related to unmet need for FP 1.Influential leaders identified by the project (often formal leaders) 2.Leaders expect support and project coodination in the community.

20. CONCLUSION: SERVICES Social network – network connections to FP services Other FP social mobilization approaches Seeks to connect CHWs with FP knowledge to groups Aim to create personal relationships with influential groups to encourage diffusion and provide accurate FP information Often focus on home visits and broad community sensitization Aim to encourage extension of information and services to other communities

21. LEARN MORE & DOWNLOAD www.irh.org/projects/tekponon_jikuagou/ Baseline formative researchGuide to Community Mapping

22. Questions?

23. ADD DIVIDING SLIDE: METHODS TJ INTERVENTION PACKAGE

25. Groupes identifiés Groupes selectionnés par genre IDENTIFICATION AND SELECTION OF GROUPS IN 47 VILLAGES

26. IDENTIFICATION AND SELECTION OF INFLUENTIAL INDIVIDUALS A plethora of influentials in certain villages Residing in the village Or in another village About 4 - 5 persons selected per village (women and men)

27. WomenMenMixed Sex Food processing Stockage Sales HIV sensitization Animal husbandry Maintaining a healthy community environment Maintaining crops under cultivation Family counseling Sports Village security Savings and loan Literacy training Health promotion  Stockage and sales, financial contributions for funerals, savings and loan activities, leisure  CHARACTERISTICS & ACTIVITIES OF SELECTED GROUPS

28. CHARACTERISTICS & ACTIVITIES OF INFLUENTIAL PEOPLE Agriculture, Commerce Religion Extraction de SODABI Health (traditional healer, CHW) Education (teachers) Artists / Cultural leaders Collection agents Women, Men, Older, Younger

29. Next Session Room Numbers: Please fill out an evaluation by going to this session’s page on your mobile app OR by filling out a paper evaluation in the back of the room. Thank you! Listen Up: What African MSM Want in the Response to HIV301 A Practical Way to Maintain Skills Wherever Providers Deliver Babies302 Establishing an Interactive Education System for Frontline Health Workers307 Health Finance Food Court: What's Cooking?308 Shaken, Not Stirred: The Intersection of Alcohol, Gender, and Health310 A Vaccine's Journey: The Many Steps to Saving Lives311 Postpartum Family Planning: Bridging Barriers and Motivating Change405 Combating Counterfeit and Substandard Medicines407 How Much Will It Cost to Reach Key Populations?413 Antenatal Corticosteroid Jeopardy!: Exploring Maternal Interventions for Preterm Birth414 Innovations to an M&E System Improves Data Quality and Speed of Malaria Prevention Program ResultsBetts Theatre Business Planning for the Rest of Us Continental Ballroom Bringing Together Public and Private Sectors for Health Impact Grand Ballroom