1. INTERTANKO ASIAN PANEL MEETING 2002

2. COOPERATION WITH REGIONAL MARITIME AUTHORITIES.... IS THERE ROOM FOR MORE PLAYERS ? BY SHIMURA TADASHI GENERAL MANAGER NIPPON MARITIME CENTER 16 RAFFLES QUAY #27-03 HONG LEONG BUILDING SINGAPORE 048581, SINGAPORE E-mail : nmc.info@nmc.com.sg RAFFLES HOTEL, SINGAPORE 15 th OCTOBER 2002 2

3. INTERTANKO ASIAN PANEL MEETING 2002 DISCLAIMER The opinions herein are expressed by the author in his private capacity. 3

4. INTERTANKO ASIAN PANEL MEETING 2002 PRESENTATION SYNOPSIS 1.0 Characteristics of Malacca/Singapore Straits 2.0Regional Maritime authorities and their co-operative efforts in shipping safety and marine environment protection. 3.0 Recent and further improvements needed to reduce maritime casualties in the Straits 4.0 Specific details of Japanese Co-operation 4

5. INTERTANKO ASIAN PANEL MEETING 2002 1.0 MALACCA STRAITS Depths/Widths  The Usual Route for VLCC’s from Middle East to East Asia  Northern half has deep water, but Southern half has a 2-Lane ship routeing system (known as traffic separation scheme TSS)  It is the longest stretch of such a TSS in the world, extending 263 sea miles !  Depths on Eastbound Lane are 23.0 metres, Westbound Lane 16.0 metres 5

6. INTERTANKO ASIAN PANEL MEETING 2002 1.1 MALACCA STRAITS Depths/Widths  Two Deep Water routes in Eastbound Lane where not possible to have 23.0 metres depth  Average VLCC is 330 metres long.  Large vessels need to navigate between narrows One Fathom Bank Beacons (1400 metres) Takong Beacons (800 metres) West bound lane Singapore Strait (530 metres)  Once a fully laden VLCC enters the TSS from west, she has to complete the passage; there is no turning back ! 6

7. INTERTANKO ASIAN PANEL MEETING 2002 1.2 MALACCA STRAITS Passage 7  ALL SHIPS PASSING MUST MAINTAIN 3.5 METRES UNDERKEEL CLEARANCE (UKC) Source : Nippon Maritime Center

8. INTERTANKO ASIAN PANEL MEETING 2002 1.3 MALACCA AND SINGAPORE STRAITS, Narrow Straits & Strong Tides 8 Tidal ‘tail’ of over 5 kilometer/hour ! Source : Nippon Maritime Center

9. INTERTANKO ASIAN PANEL MEETING 2002 1.4 Oil Dependency in Percentage Terms 9 IN KILO TONNES Consume 1999 Produce 1999 Dependency 1999 Consume 2020 Produce 2020 Dependency 2020 Singapore 21,2180 100 % 278420 100 % HongKong 11,2410 100 % 238760 100 % Japan 266,438746 99 % 2883590 100 % Korea 99,913446 99 % 163045446 99 % Vietnam 7,53215,331 -103 % 3223830,529 -5 % Brunei 4289,712 -2169 % 110911,204 -910 % Philippines 17,68241 99 % 369961,124 97 % China 204,291159,896 21 % 497,249151,886 69 % Indonesia 46,66670,053 -50 % 100,02342,040 58 % Malaysia 22,23137,348 -68 % 52,12932,874 37 % ChineseTaipei 38,22744 99 % 51,0850 100 % Thailand 33,8594,138 87 % 73,1173,560 95 % Source : APERC

10. INTERTANKO ASIAN PANEL MEETING 2002 1.5 Net Oil Imports(>0) and Exports (<0) 10 In KILO TONNES 1999 2020 Forecast Singapore 21,21827,842 Hong Kong 11,24123,876 Japan 265,692288,359 Korea 99,467162,599 Vietnam -7,799 exporter30,529 Brunei -9,284 exporter-10,095 exporter Philippines 17,64135,872 China 44,395345,363 Indonesia -23,387 exporter57,983 Malaysia -15,117 exporter19,255 Chinese Taipei 38,18351,085 Thailand 29,27169,557 Source : APERC

11. INTERTANKO ASIAN PANEL MEETING 2002 1.6 MALACCA STRAITS, Shipping Traffic 11 206651946815974 SUBTOTAL OF TANKERS 593145596743965 TOTAL REPORTING TRAFFIC 386493649927991 ALL OTHER TRAFFIC 35% 36% PERCENTAGE OF TANKERS 308629622473 LNG / LPG 142761334311474 CRUDE / PRODUCT TANKERS 330331632027 VLCC/DEEP DRAUGHT VESSELS 2001 (162) 2000 (153) 1999 BASED ON TO VESSEL TRAFFIC SYSTEM ( PER DAY ) Source : MARINE DEPARTMENT PENINSULAR MALAYSIA

12. INTERTANKO ASIAN PANEL MEETING 2002 1.7 Pre December 1998 (Before Continuous TSS), Eight COLLISIONS in 2 Months 12 Source : Nippon Maritime Center

13. INTERTANKO ASIAN PANEL MEETING 2002 1.8 Post December 1998 (After Continuous TSS), Six COLLISIONS in the last 3 Years 13 3 4 5 6 New Venture/Maritime Fidelity 1 st July 1999 Graceous/Lula 1 19 th October 1999 N Idaman/ Champion Peace 20 th October 2000 Rowan/Singapura Timur 28 th May 2001 Yong Ann 2/B Melawis 2 23th November 2000 Norgas Discoverer/Greek Fighter 15 th June 2000 2 1 Source : Nippon Maritime Center

14. INTERTANKO ASIAN PANEL MEETING 2002 1.9 MALACCA AND SINGAPORE STRAITS STILL THE BEST OPTION ? 14 YES, BECAUSE OF THESE BENEFITS  BETTER SURVEYED AND RELIABLE MAPPING  RELIABLE NAVIGATIONAL AIDS, VISUAL AND ELECTRONIC  READILY AVAILABLE EMERGENCY RESPONSE SYSTEM  GOOD SUPPORT FACILITIES FOR SHIPPING e.g CREW CHANGE, BUNKERS, REPAIRS, PORT FACILITIES, TRANSHIPMENT  SHORTER DISTANCE e.g ADEN TO YOKOHAMA VIA MALACCA STRAIT =6535 miles, 21 DAYS 19 HRS at 12.5kts VIA SUNDA STRAIT =7165 miles, 23 DAYS 21 HRS at 12.5kts VIA LOMBOK STRAIT= 7549 miles, 25 DAYS 04 HRS at 12.5kts

15. INTERTANKO ASIAN PANEL MEETING 2002 2.0 Regional Maritime Authorities Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore enjoy maritime co-operation which include the following :  1. Harmonizing key International Maritime Organization (IMO) Regulations for safe transit through Malacca Straits  2. The Tripartite Technical Experts Group (TTEG) on the Safety of Navigation in the Straits of Malacca and Singapore, 1975.  3. The Standard Operating Procedure for Joint Oil Spill Combat in the Straits of Malacca and Singapore (SOP), 1984  4. The Agreement for Facilitation of Search of Ships in Distress and Rescue of Survivors of Ship Accidents, 1975  5. Various Co-operation under the ASEAN, ASEAN-JAPAN, ASEAN+3, Framework 15

16. INTERTANKO ASIAN PANEL MEETING 2002 2.1 Recent Improvement to reduce maritime casualties in Straits of Malacca  Extended Traffic Separation Scheme from One Fathom Bank to Horsburgh since 1 st December 1998  Mandatory ship reporting scheme for vessels over 300 gross tonne using the Straits since 1 st December 1998  Continuous radar coverage in the Malacca and Singapore Straits since 1 st December 1998  IMO-adopted Rules for Vessels Navigating through the Straits of Malacca and Singapore 16

17. INTERTANKO ASIAN PANEL MEETING 2002 2.2 Recent Improvement to reduce maritime casualties in Straits of Malacca  Differential GPS stations which allows position fixing accuracy better than 20 metre, voluntarily established by Malaysia and Singapore.  Continuous listening watch by ships on appropriate VHF radio channels throughout the Straits  Speed limits at some stretches of the Straits for certain vessels. 17

18. INTERTANKO ASIAN PANEL MEETING 2002 3.0 Further Improvements that could reduce maritime casualties in the Straits of Malacca  Several projects including proposed widening of certain narrow stretches of the Singapore Straits and further extension of TSS to northern portion of Malacca Straits, if the ‘Burden Sharing’ proposal under UNCLOS Article 43 is more widely received by international community  The International Maritime Organization (IMO)’s Marine Electronic Highway Project 18

19. INTERTANKO ASIAN PANEL MEETING 2002 3.1 UNCLOS ARTICLE 43 User States and States bordering a strait should by agreement cooperate: a)In the establishment and maintenance in a strait of necessary navigational and safety aids or other improvements in aid of international navigation; b)For the prevention, reduction and control of pollution from ships 19

20. INTERTANKO ASIAN PANEL MEETING 2002 4.0 Co-operation with Regional Maritime Authorities There are several Japanese agencies that extend co- operation in the regional maritime safety and marine environment matters. This is not a complete list. These several organizations are 1. The Nippon Foundation 2. Petroleum Association of Japan 3. Malacca Strait Council 4. The Japan Association of Marine Safety. 5. Japan International Cooperation Agency 6. other Government and Non-Governmental agencies 20

21. INTERTANKO ASIAN PANEL MEETING 2002 4.1 GENERAL 21 Source : Nippon Maritime Center

22. INTERTANKO ASIAN PANEL MEETING 2002 4.2 GENERAL 22 Source : Nippon Maritime Center