1. Advanced Placement European History Spring 2015 Review Drill A

2. This ideology arose in response to the American War of Independence and the French Revolution. Its adherents viewed society as an organism that changes (or ought to change) very slowly over the generations. Mercantilism Conservatism Nationalism Liberalism

3. He is best known for his book The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, in which he proposed that ascetic (austere) Protestantism, was one of the major reasons that created both market-driven Capitalism and the Industrial Revolution Graham Wallas Alexis de Tocqueville Charles Darwin Max Weber

4. In addition to her fear of even a defeated Germany, the French also feared American and British economic penetration the loss of more territory Communism Little Entente

5. The Paris Peace Talks and the Treaty of Versailles satisfied no one treated the defeated Central Powers justly placed the United States in the forefront of World affairs satisfied only France, Japan and Italy

6. He was a rival to and murdered by Mussolini Giacomo Matteotti Éamon de Valera Giuseppe Mazzini Giuseppe Garabaldi Camilo Cavour

7. If a person traveled from west to east in Europe in the eighteenth century the more likely it would be that he would see rotten boroughs more clearly defined and responsible nobility people bound to the land the putting out system

8. In 1922, this Irish author wrote Ulysses, in which the episodes of Homer's Odyssey are paralleled in an array of contrasting literary styles, including stream of consciousness. The novel explores the squalor and monotony of life in a Dublin slum with characters paralleling Odysseus, Penelope and Telemachus. Thomas Mann James Joyce George Bernard Shaw Ernest Hemingway

9. Robert Owen believed that society should be managed by experts and that wealth not be redistributed inspired Pierre Joseph Proudhon and the Anarchist movement of the 1840s was the architect who rebuilt Paris for Napoleon III built a successful industrial environment at New Lanark, Scotland

10. The ___________________was the period lasting from accession of Augustus to the death of Marcus Aurelius in 180 C.E. Republic Pax Romana Punic Wars Period of the Kings

11. His seminal work, Principles of Geology ( published 1830-1833 in three volumes ), embraced the idea of Uniformitarianism or the idea that the earth was shaped by processes that are still in operation today. William Paley Herbert Spencer Charles Darwin Charles Lyell

12. The Hohenzollerns turned which of the following states in a major European power? Prussia Hungary Spain France Austria

13. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Late Middle Ages? The Conciliar Movement a.Plentitude of Power The Mini Ice Age The Theory of Forms

14. He was an English Romantic poet who believed that the artist’s imagination was God at work in the mind and said that “the imagination was a repetition in the finite mind of the eternal act of creation in the infinite I AM.”. Samuel Taylor Coleridge Johann Gottfried Herder Victor Hugo Lord Byron

15. Protestant reformers in the Sixteenth Century tended to do all of the following except oppose the celibate life for clergy encourage basic education oppose monasticism view marriage as a degraded state of life

16. Modern European feminism emphasizes political equality women’s control over their own lives economic equality political and legal equality

17. The Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle in 1748. precipitated the War of Jenkins ear outlawed the importation of slaves into the New World ended the War of the Austrian Succession forced Prussia to give up its possessions in the Holy Roman Empire

18. When the British Fabian Socialists, Beatrice and Sidney Webb, spoke of a new civilization in the 1920s and 1930s, they were referring to (the) a.Soviet Union b.Fascist Italy c.Ramsay MacDonald’s Labor Government d.Nazi Germany

19. The Congress of Victors in 1934 enforced the Dekulakization policies of Stalin invited Lincoln Steffens to address the congress were mostly purged by Stalin gave support to the expulsion of Trotsky from the Party

20. Which is the most accurate statement about the Crimean War? Both sides had well-equipped armies After the war, stability prevailed in Europe for decades The European Question was solved Piedmont gained some political advantages

21. In his efforts in opposition to the Atlantic Slave Trade, he was hailed as a 'Renewer of Society', and, until his death in 1833, was known as the conscience of Parliament. William Wilberforce Julio Fandiño John Trenchard the Earl of Bute

22. As a result of the Hampton Court Conference, Parliament ordered the arrest and eventual execution of the Duke of Buckingham Parliament passed the English Bill of Rights The English Civil War of 1642-1646 broke out Anglican and Puritan distrust accelerated Queen Elizabeth came to the throne

23. Which of the following statements best describes the school of Impressionism? Impressionists mostly portrayed religious, mythological and historical subjects sought the Platonic ideal of perfection were inspired by imagination, folklore, fairy tales, dreams and other phenomena in opposition to that of empirical reasoning recorded ordinary people at dance halls, cafes, beach parties, working in the fields or picnicking in the country

24. French Protestants/Calvinists were called Congregationalists Huguenots Stadholders Puritans Jansenists

25. The Falangists opposed the Spanish Popular Front triumphed in the 1936 Italian elections supported the Anschluss in Austria demanded that ethnic Germans be allowed to separate from the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia

26. Most philosophes in the Age of Enlightenment favored Nationalism Existing monarchies American/British style democracy French revolutionary democracy

27. The years from 1919 to 1939 marked the Age of the Great Depression Capitalism Philosophy Anxiety

28. J’accuse, an 1898 open letter accusing the French government of anti-Semitism in the unfair trial of Alfred Dreyfus, was written by Adolphe Thiers Georges Boulanger Emile Zola Patrice McMahon

29. Nineteenth century liberals wanted to extend liberties to the peasant and urban working classes opposed the ideas of John Locke opposed the ideas of Adam Smith believed in advancement in society based on talent and achievement but did not favor full democracy.

30. Aristotle favored polity by which he meant that a ruler with complete authority should have power in a state. honor and honesty were far more important than money or fame or political power. the world we live in is not the only world, because our world is a pale and imperfect reflection of a perfect world that the rule of law should limit popular sentiment.

31. In his book, The Birth of Tragedy, Nietzsche claimed that to limit human activity to strictly rational behavior was to impoverish human life. the study of Socrates and the ancient philosophers held the key to understanding human societal evolution accommodations with modernism were possible the certainty of a better life was possible

32. Existentialism can best be defined as resistance to the expansion of classical liberalism. continuation of the revolt against reason that began in the nineteenth century. the extension of Hegelian philosophy and faith in the power of human reason. return to the Reformational values of Christianity.

33. The three nations who partitioned Poland in the late eighteenth century were Prussia, France, Ottoman Empire Great Britain, Austria, Russia France, Prussia, Austria Russia, Prussia, Austria

34. At the Peace of Augsburg in 1555 the prince of any principality determined the religion of his principality official recognition was given to both Anabaptists and Calvinists Maurice of Saxony supported Charles V the Protestant princes refused to attend and were condemned

35. French economic reformers such as Francois Quesnay and Pierre Dupont de Nemours were known as phisiocrats philosophes autocrats technocrats

36. The Old Regime or Ancien Régime was a term that applied to the nobility only was found only in Great Britain was a series of social relationships bound by tradition ignored the peasants

37. In 1923, Adolph Hitler and his followers attempted the Beer Hall Putsch whose purpose was to kill Jews overthrow the German government throw France out of the Saar Basin repudiate the Locarno Treaties

38. A series of important liberal reforms were enacted by the Catholic Church: at the Vatican II Council of the mid 1960s at the Vatican I Council of the mid 1860s before the 1950s at the urging of popes Leo XIII and Pius X

39. In March 1939, Adolf Hitler signed a non-aggression pact with Poland sent German soldiers into the Rhineland occupied Prague set up the Vichy government in unoccupied France

40. Modern European Existentialism (Europe’s philosophy of the twentieth century) has its roots in the thought of Nietzsche and Hegel Kierkegard Kant Locke

41. In 1935, what nation did Benito Mussolini attack and make an Italian colony in spite of objection from the League of Nations? Greece Spain Albania Ethiopia Libya

42. Thales of Miletus, Benjamin Franklin and Alessandro Volta all experimented with ammonia electricity steam bacteria genetics

43. Up until 1850, most education in Europe took place in church run schools literacy was widespread in all of Western Europe Romanticism was more important in scientific thought that Rationalism the popes refused to have any dialogue with the Italian government

44. The Jansenists opposed the teachings of St. Augustine opposed Jesuit teachings about free will were supported by Pope Innocent X were defended by Louis XIV and Louis XV

45. In 1588 at the Battle of Gravelines, the English finally drove the French from Calais produced the Bill of Rights won the Seven Year’s War defeated the Spanish Armada

46. Unlike the First World War, what factor led to the bitterness of the Thirty Year’s War? Catholic – Protestant hatred growing nationalism Louis XIV’s desire to control Europe the Defenestration of Prague

47. To raise money to build a new St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome, his famous pitch line was As soon as a coin in the coffer rings, the soul from purgatory springs. Julius II Martin Bucer Thomas Cranmer Johann Tetzel

48. Which of the following was not a motive of Nineteenth Century Imperialism? Economics Colonization Technology Culture

49. During the Marburg Colloquy (meaning conversation or dialogue) of 1529, Luther and Zwingli could not agree on Clerical Celibacy Justification by Faith Alone Cuius regio; eius religio The nature of the Eucharist

50. Stalin did all of the following except exterminate Kulaks develop Five Year Plans continue Lenin’s New Economic Policy collectivize agriculture carry out unprededented purges of opponents – both real and imagined.

51. The Reformation Parliament of Henry VIII did all of the following except passed laws to dominate the clergy recognized Henry as head of the Church in England made Henry the highest court of appeal for all Englishmen sanctioned the execution of Queen Catherine

52. When Hitler attacked Poland on September 1, 1939, the Soviet Union came to Poland’s defense made an alliance with France and Great Britain surrounded the Baltic countries of Estonia, Lithuania and Latvia appealed to the League of Nations

53. In her Charter of the Nobility, she defined the rights and privileges of the nobility in exchange for their loyalty and service to the state. These rights included heredity transferring of noble status, power over their serfs and exemption from taxes Maria Theresa Catherine the Great Catherine de Médicis Christina of Sweden “Bloody” Mary

54. William Whewell of Cambridge University in England first coined the word _____________ to describe those who studied the physical world in growing numbers in French, German and British Universities. literacy Positivism scientist phisiocrat

55. Why did Luther not support the Peasants’ Revolt? Luther felt no pity for their harsh treatment by the German nobility The peasants supported Charles V and the old Catholic prince-bishops Luther’s view of Reformation was not political but spiritual Luther was afraid that the Catholic party would win if he backed the peasants.

56. The latter half of the nineteenth century saw the rise of (the) _____________ or White Collar Workers which included secretaries, retail clerks and lower level bureaucrats. Professional Class Petite Bourgeoisie Captains of Industry Proletariat

57. Restrictions on clothing, food, and luxury items are all examples of the Vingtième Banalités the English Game Laws Sumptuary Laws Ghetto life

58. 1871 + 1918 = F.D.R. Winston Churchill Adolf Hitler Pearl Harbor Josef Stalin

59. Plato and Aristotle both felt that Philosopher Kings should rule favored Polity or a Constitutional Government dominated by members of the middle class developed the idea that rulers themselves are both the guardians of the law and subject to the law despised tyranny and mob rule and wanted a just and stable society.

60. Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès: thought that Napoleon could be used for his own political purposes proposed a Holy Alliance of Prussia, Austria, Britain and Russia whereby the monarchs of those nations would promise to act together in accordance with Christian principles. advised Tsar Alexander to withdraw from the Continental System and prepare for War. negotiated the Treaty of Schöenbrun which humiliated Austria and set up Napoleon’s marriage to Marie Louise.

61. In the long term, the Columbian exchange brought a lasting decline in population because of the ravages of diseases such as smallpox. had very little influence on world population figures. led to economic instability because of a glut of Chinese silver. increased world population because of the spread of new food crops.

62. The Petition of Right of 1628 forbade taxation by the king without the permission of Parliament attempted to collect taxes from the nobility by forcing property owners to pay a forced loans to the government laid the basis for Magna Carta reflected a deep distrust of Oliver Cromwell and his Parliamentary forces

63. He was a racialist writer who in 1899, wrote The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century, in which he championed the concept of biological determination through race but also believed that through genetics the human race could be improved and that even a superior race could be developed. Theodor Herzl Karl Lueger Houston Stewart Chamberlain Paul Lagarde

64. In France, Nobles of the Robe gained their rank from military service service in the Church serving in the bureaucracy industrial achievement

65. In May 1871, Adolphe Thiers negotiated the ________________ with Prussia, which obligated France to pay a large indemnity and turn over Alsace and Lorraine to Germany. Treaty of Gastein Treaty of Frankfurt Treaty of Plombières Treaty of Paris

66. In his book, Reflections on Violence, George Sorel stated that bureaucratization (the creation of bureaucracies) was alien to the modern way of life people do not pursue rationally perceived goals but a led to action by collectively shared ideals. bureaucracies constitute the most efficient and rational way in which human activity can be organized race was the most important index of human potential

67. He was elected pope at sixty-eight and reigned for 25 years. He sought to make accommodations with the modern age and address the great social questions of the time. He defended private property, condemned socialism and Marxism and said that employers were obligated to treat their employees fairly. His most important work was Rerum Novarum. Pope Pius IX Pope Leo XIII Pope Pius X Pope Pius XI

68. In 1815, this Serbian leader began the Second Serbian Uprising. In 1817, he was defeated by the Ottomans but gained partial autonomy for most of Serbia. In 1830, he became head of an independent Serbia Filiki Eteria Kara George Muhammad Ali Miloš Obrenovitch

69. The Korean War resulted in an overwhelming victory for U.S.-backed South Korea. an overwhelming victory for U.S.-backed North Korea. an encouragement of the U.S. policy of containment. a discouragement of the U.S. policy of containment.

70. The Revolution of 1905 led to Bloody Sunday was caused by the Tsar dissolving the Duma caused the Russo-Japanese War led to the establishment of the Duma

71. The French political thinker and historian, Alexis de Tocqueville praised the leaders of the French Revolution was a conservative who despised both Romanticism and liberalism criticized de Gobineau for his racial theories Wrote The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century

72. The Edict of Nantes in 1598 established universal religious toleration gave Huguenots qualified religious freedom gave Lutherans religious Freedom settled the French – Spanish border dispute

73. In Arms and the Man (1894; the title taken from the first words of the Roman poet Vergil’s Aeneid) and Man and Superman (1903), he heaped scorn on the romantic ideals of love and war. and in Androcles and the Lion (1912), he pilloried Christianity – and in a currently edited out Preface, he stated that the teachings of Jesus of Nazareth were lost at his crucifixion. Charles Dickens J. J. Thompson George Bernard Shaw John Maynard Keynes

74. In spite of the strong contrast in motivation and economics, the leaders of the American and French Revolutions used the liberal philosophy of what treatise of John Locke to justify the armed overthrow of tyrannical rule? Leviathan The Wealth of Nations Ninety Five Theses Two Treatises of Government

75. Which two of the following were NOT among the three pillars of Nicholas I of Russia? Autocracy Orthodoxy Republicanism Nationalism Russification

76. Eisenhower endorsed the Domino Theory which held that that communism would die out on its own. the Chinese under Mao would challenge the Unequal Treaty status imposed upon them by Moscow the Marshall Plan had been a failure. if one state in a region came under the influence of communism, then the surrounding countries would follow.

77. Søren Kierkegaard supported Vatican II supported Karl Barth and orthodox Lutheranism said that the truth of Christianity was found in the lives of those who had faced extreme situations, not in creeds or doctrines became popular when an Anglican Bishop, John Robinson, published Honest to God.

78. Josephine Butler campaigned against The Contagious Diseases Acts Virginia Woolf The Psychoanalytic Movement The Revolution in Physics The Bloomsbury Group

79. The Council of Trent, which lasted from 1545 to 1563, successfully reached a compromise between Luther and Calvin. played a key role in Henry VIII's break with the Catholic church. took steps to reform the Catholic church. launched the Society of Jesus (the Jesuits).

80. Louis XIV’s view of the monarchy was influenced by his experience of the revolt known as the Parlement Fronde Taille Jaquerie

81. The economic basis of eighteenth century life was regional trade international trade the land industry and manufacturing guilds

82. He believed that behind the development of human history from one period to the next lay the mind and purpose of what he called the World-Spirit, a concept not unlike the Christian God. Immanuel Kant John Wesley Lord Byron Georg Hegel

83. This leader of the Counter Reformation wrote Spiritual Exercises and founded the Society of Jesus. Charles V Ignatius Loyola John Calvin Cardinal Caspar Contarini

84. The Social Darwinists believed that a sharp distinction had to be made between the biological and social worlds. only a socialist political and social structure would keep humans from destroying themselves. powerful nations were meant to dominate weaker societies. human beings had reached the point where competition among nations was no longer necessary.

85. In the great Kitchen Debate of 1959, _____________________ debated luxuries vs. real needs, but it were clear that the West, led by the United States had the highest standard of living in the world. Stalin and Churchill Churchill and Stalin Eisenhower and Khrushchev Nixon and Khrushchev

86. Between 1859 and 1893 Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos all fell under the control of Great Britain Japan France Germany

87. This theory stated that information derived from logical, mathematical principles and sensory experience was the only source of knowledge. Natural Selection Positivism Utilitarianism Pointillism

88. In his book, Leviathan, he argued that people were “nasty, greedy and selfish” and needed a strong, strict governmental to keep them under control. John Locke Thomas Hobbes Rene Descartes Voltaire

89. The chief victim of late nineteenth century European imperialistic expansion was Russia India Africa Australia

90. _________________ coined the expression The Lost Generation. Gertrude Stein Ernest Hemingway F. Scott Fitzgerald Karl Barth

91. The Modern Devotion Movement of the late fifteenth century was a religious movement that stressed all of the following except individual piety practical religion education monastic life

92. Charles de Montesquieu was the first professor of Arabic and Islamic studies at the University of Paris. blamed Islam for the fall of both the Roman and Byzantine Empires. associated Islamic society with a passivity that he attributed to peoples subject to political despotism. wrote Turkish Embassy Letters, in which he praised Ottoman society especially its practice of vaccination against smallpox.

93. The initial driving force in Luther formulating the Ninety-Five Theses was his excommunication from the Roman Catholic church. the sale of indulgences. the rise of secular humanism during the High Middle Ages the influence of John Calvin.

94. In the Sixth Century, he managed to obtain the obedience of all western bishops, was a skilled theologian, and emphasized the authority of the Church over its members, as in stressing the sacrament of penance. Urban II Hugh Capet Gregory I John XII

95. Which of the following best expresses the idea of Social Darwinism Argument from design We need a critique of moral values; the value of these values themselves must first be called into question. The dream is the disguised fulfillment of a wish justice is nothing else than the interest of the stronger

96. He was a French novelist and playwright whose most famous work was La Comédie Humaine, which presents a panorama of French life in the years after the fall of Napoleon Bonaparte. Balzac’s stories showed French life in such accurate detail with such multifaceted and amoral characters that he is regarded – even more than Dickens – as one of the founders of European Realism. Claude Bernard Émile Édouard Zola Gustave Flaubert Honoré de Balzac

97. The German offensive of 1914 aimed at Paris was halted at the Marne the Somme Verdun Caporetto

98. After the 1648 Treaty of Westphalia that ended the Thirty Year’s War, _____________emerged as Europe’s dominant power France Prussia England The Holy Roman Empire

99. The basic challenge facing the Hapsburg Empire after 1648 was: Lack of Resources Political and Ethnic Diversity Weak and incompetent rulers The rising power of England

100. The first real Prime Minister of Great Britain was James Edward Stuart William Pitt the Younger Robert Walpole The Duke of Buckingham

101. In France, Nobles of the Sword gained their rank from military service service in the Church serving in the bureaucracy industrial achievement