1. Bloodborne Pathogens In the Workplace – 29 CFR 1910.1030

2. AGENDA What are Bloodborne Pathogens? Where are they found? What is Hepatitis? A Closer Look at These Diseases Routes of Entry Protecting Yourself Should I Help an Injured Co-worker? What If I am Exposed? Misconceptions

3. What are Bloodborne Pathogens? Bloodborne Pathogens are: microorganisms such as viruses or bacteria that are carried in blood and cause disease in people

4. Where Are They Found? Bloodborne pathogens are transmitted through contact with infected human blood and other body fluids such as: Semen Vaginal Secretions Pleural Fluid Cerebrospinal Fluid Synovial Fluid Amniotic Fluid Other Potentially Infectious Materials (OPIM)

5. Skin Provides a Barrier Unbroken skin forms a barrier, however, infected blood can enter your system through:  Open sores  Cuts  Abrasions  Acne  Any damage to broken skin, even sunburn or blisters

6. Types of Bloodborne Pathogens Include: Malaria Syphilis Hepatitis A, B, C, D, E Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

7. Hepatitis A Transmitted by: Contaminated food or water which contains fecal matter There is a vaccine to prevent HAV

8. Hepatitis B (HBV)… Transmitted by: injections transporting a virus bearing serum, most often during blood transfusions By contaminated needles and syringes

9. Hepatitis B (HBV)…  Is a virus that infects and inflames the liver  Is transmitted primarily through “blood to blood” contact  Can lead to serious conditions such as cirrhosis & liver cancer  Can survive in dried blood for up to seven days!

10. No Cure - HBV  There is no “CURE” or specific treatment for HBV  Many people develop antibodies to fight the disease which may prevent future infection

11. HBV Symptoms  Mild flu-like symptoms  Fatigue  Possible stomach pain  Loss of appetite  Nausea  Jaundice  Darkened urine

12. HBV Vaccination  Series of three shots  Second shot is given one month after first  Third shot follows five months after the second  This series gradually builds up the body’s immunity to HBV

13. Hepatitis C Transmitted in blood or body fluids Currently, no vaccination exist for HCV

14. Hepatitis D The latest form of hepatitis which is transmitted primarily through sexual contact

15. Hepatitis E Transmitted in contaminated drinking water Currently no treatment exists for HEV

16. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)  Acquired immune deficiency syndrome, or AIDS, is caused by a virus call the human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV  It may be many years before AIDS actually develops  HIV attacks the body’s immune system, weakening it from fighting other diseases  AIDS is a fatal disease and there is no known cure

17. HIV Symptoms Symptoms of HIV infection can include:  Weakness  Fever  Sore Throat  Nausea and Diarrhea  Headaches  White coating of the tongue  Weight loss  Swollen lymph glands

18. Mucous Membranes Bloodborne pathogens may also be transmitted through the following mucous membranes:  Eyes  Nose  Mouth

19. Signs & Labels Warning labels must be placed on: containers of regulated waste refrigerators/freezers containing blood other containers used to store, transport, or ship blood

20. Should I Help An Injured Co- Worker?

21. Emergencies In an emergency situation, always use Universal or Standard Precautions :  Wear gloves  Wear splash goggles  Use pocket mouth-to-mouth resuscitation masks  Wash your hands  Clean up spills

22. If You Are Exposed  Wash the exposed area thoroughly with soap and water  Use non-abrasive, antibacterial soap  Flush mouth, nose, and eyes for 15 minutes if blood is splashed in mucous membranes

23. Other Actions If Exposed  Report the exposure to your supervisor  Complete an exposure report form  Request blood testing and Hepatitis B vaccination

24. Personal Protective Equipment The best protection is to wear PPE emergency medical personnel, doctors, nurses, dentists, dental assistants, and other healthcare professionals always wear protective gloves It is essential to have a barrier between you and the infectious material

25. Rules To Follow:  Always wear PPE  Treat all blood as if contaminated  Replace PPE that is torn or punctured  Remove PPE before leaving the work area  Properly disinfect or dispose of PPE  Wash hands immediately after removing PPE

26. Gloves  Gloves should be made of impervious materials  Inspect gloves before use  Double glove if possible  Cover cuts or sores with bandages  Do not touch the outside of used gloves

27. Goggles, Face Shields & Aprons  Use goggles if there is risk of splashing  Face shields provide addition protection for nose and mouth  Aprons afford extra protection for the body

28. Contaminated Clothing  Remove clothing that is contaminated as soon as possible  Use Universal/Standard Precautions when handling contaminated laundry  Place clothing in approved & labeled bags/containers

29. Hand Washing  Hand washing is important and the easiest practice for protection against bloodborne pathogens  Wash hands or other exposed skin as soon as possible following potential exposure incident  Do not use harsh, abrasive soap

30. Hygiene Rules If you work in a area where there is reasonable likelihood of exposure, Never:  Eat  Drink  Smoke  Apply cosmetics or lip balm  Handle contact lenses

31. Food Rules Do not keep food or drink near blood

32. Decontamination and Sterilization Decontaminate/sterilize: All surfaces, tools, equipment and other objects that may come in contact with blood before they are put back to use

33. Precautions With Needles

34. Precautions With Needles Continued  Recap needles only with a mechanical device  Use forceps, pliers, or broom and dust pan to move needles  Never break or shear needles  Needles must be disposed in labeled sharps containers

35. Broken Glassware  Sterilize broken glassware with an approved disinfectant solution before it is disturbed or cleaned up  Decontaminated glassware may be disposed of in an appropriate sharps container  Do not pick up broken glassware with your hands!

36. Spill Cleanup  Carefully cover the spill with paper towels or rags  Gently pour 10% solution of bleach over the towels or rags  Let sit for 10 minutes  Wear gloves to collect & dispose of waste

37. Spill Cleanup Continued

39. Misconceptions You cannot get HIV by:  Sharing food, drinking glasses or towels  From sinks or toilets  Sharing PPE such as goggles or respirators  Insect bites such as mosquitoes

40. What If I Am Exposed?  Wash the area immediately with soap and water  If cut by an item, save the item for contamination testing  Promptly report the incident to your supervisor  Seek medical attention

41. Summary  Always know what you are working with  Use proper PPE in situations with bloodborne pathogens  Report all suspected exposures  Properly dispose of pathogen waste and PPE