1. Status:9.10.2008 Karsten Brinkmann PowerMex-CHP_CO2 bensheim engineers CHP – one Possibility to reduce CO 2 Karsten Brinkmann Promotion for CHP Berlin 2008

2. Status:9.10.2008 Karsten Brinkmann PowerMex-CHP_CO2 bensheim engineers Germany – CO 2 Reduction Targets German targets: Reduction based on 1990 values 40% (if EU promises total 30%) 730 Mio t/y 2020 20% Following the Kyoto protocol and as a driver in EU German politics defined ambitious CO 2 reduction targets

3. Status:9.10.2008 Karsten Brinkmann PowerMex-CHP_CO2 bensheim engineers Germany – Reduction Subsectors 2020 Total Savings 270 Mio t CO 2 /year 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Renewables Power up to 27% Heating Savings Efficiency Consumption Non energy fields Efficiency Transport & RE Renewing of Powerstations Doubling CHP power Renewables Heat Mio t CO 2 /year

4. Status:9.10.2008 Karsten Brinkmann PowerMex-CHP_CO2 bensheim engineers Efficiency Advantage of CHP 20-35 % Primary Energy Consumption Reduction + Emission Reduction (depending on fuel) Conventional Generation Powerplant Boiler Fuel 56(51) Losses 11(6)  80%(90)  31%(40) Fuel 97(75) Heat 45 units Combined Heat&Power Heat 45 CHP Power 30 units Losses 25 Losses 67(45) Total Fuel 100 unit  75% Total Fuel 153 (126) units

5. Status:9.10.2008 Karsten Brinkmann PowerMex-CHP_CO2 bensheim engineers Carnot’s Law

6. Status:9.10.2008 Karsten Brinkmann PowerMex-CHP_CO2 bensheim engineers CHPs are not all alike Type: Private 5 kW (electricity) 12 kW (heat) Household CHP Type: Industrial CHP 20.000 kW (electricity) 20.000 kW (heat) Location: Bauernfeind Type: Utility CHP 3.000.000 kW (electricity) 1.000.000 kW (heat) Location: Scholven

7. Status:9.10.2008 Karsten Brinkmann PowerMex-CHP_CO2 bensheim engineers Steam turbine Gas turbine Engines - With heat recovery - Piston steam engine - Extraction condensing - Back pressure - Micro turbines Steam gas cycle -Stirling engine - Steam screw engine innovative - STIG Organic Rankine Cycle - Extraction condensing - Back pressure Types of CHP processes - Diesel and Gas engine Fuel Cells

8. Status:9.10.2008 Karsten Brinkmann PowerMex-CHP_CO2 bensheim engineers Characteristics of Different CHP technologies 101001,00010,000100,000 MicroTurbines Fuel Cells Rich Burn Engines Lean Burn Engines Gas Turbines Applicable Size Range, kW e Strong Market Position Market Position Emerging Position Steam Turbines

9. Status:9.10.2008 Karsten Brinkmann PowerMex-CHP_CO2 bensheim engineers Criteria for Choice and Design Usual for CHP and non-CHP: Output Fuel: availibility, price, safety Efficiency (load behaviour) Additionally for CHP: Power/Heat ratio (load behaviour)

10. Status:9.10.2008 Karsten Brinkmann PowerMex-CHP_CO2 bensheim engineers CHP-Technologies: Suitable Fuels Solid biomass Experienced Possible Impossible x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Residential Commercial Industrial x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Natural Gas Light oil Heavy fuel oil CoalBiogasSolid waste < 0,015 0,015 – 0.100 0,1 - 1 1- 5 5 – 50 > 50 Plant size (MW) x x

11. Status:9.10.2008 Karsten Brinkmann PowerMex-CHP_CO2 bensheim engineers Example CHP with Steam Turbines Fuels  coal, oil, municipal waste, biomass, in principle almost every fuel can be applied Advantages  largest capacities  wide fuel range – low fuel costs  mature technology Disadvantages  limited electrical efficiency  expensive in operation in small scale

12. Status:9.10.2008 Karsten Brinkmann PowerMex-CHP_CO2 bensheim engineers Fuels  liquid and gaseous fuels (oil, natural or synthesis gas) Advantages  low investment costs  mature technology (> 1 MWel) Disadvantages  constant power to heat ratio  partload behaviour Example CHP with Gas Turbines

13. Status:9.10.2008 Karsten Brinkmann PowerMex-CHP_CO2 bensheim engineers Example CHP with Diesel- and Gas Engines Fuels  gas, biogas, oil, methanol Advantages  mature technology  easy handling  two heat sources Disadvantages  limited temperature  higher investment

14. Status:9.10.2008 Karsten Brinkmann PowerMex-CHP_CO2 bensheim engineers Significant energy consuming industries are e.g. : Sugar Pulp&Paper Food Fertilizers Petrochemicals Energy Consuming Industries Petrochemicals Food

15. Status:9.10.2008 Karsten Brinkmann PowerMex-CHP_CO2 bensheim engineers CHP - Potentials in Indian Industry

16. Status:9.10.2008 Karsten Brinkmann PowerMex-CHP_CO2 bensheim engineers Decentralisation Production Structure Extremely decentralised CHP (example Denmark) 1984 2004 Distance of Heat transport limited to some km.

17. Status:9.10.2008 Karsten Brinkmann PowerMex-CHP_CO2 bensheim engineers. CHP Fuel structure – Example Netherlands Distribution of installed capacity 2006 Distribution of Users 2006 CCP GT GE ST Industry DH Horti Refineries

18. Status:9.10.2008 Karsten Brinkmann PowerMex-CHP_CO2 bensheim engineers Germany – Funding in Energy Sector 196019701980199020002010 2020 200 1965 Domestic coal 9,9 2009 CHP III CHP 2,5 2009 CHP III DH ? REE(wind, biomass, fuel cells) 5,8 1974 Reg Technologies <0,5 1976 Oil & Gas on low level Additional to the shown: European & regional programs bn US$ 23 1961 R&D, Nuclear Demo plants 6,6 1991 RE Feed-in 0,9 1998 solar roofs8,7 2000 CHP I+II 3,2 1978 Building Isolation 0,9 1990 CHP 0,6 1991rehabilitation East 2,7 1978 DH  24 bn US$

19. Status:9.10.2008 Karsten Brinkmann PowerMex-CHP_CO2 bensheim engineers CHP Generation el CHP Capacity el with present policy Assumed: All benefits of CHP internalised into costs Micro generation feasible Fuel cells are a possibility Politics focussed on decentralisation Increased efficiencies CHP – Scenarios Europe

20. Status:9.10.2008 Karsten Brinkmann PowerMex-CHP_CO2 bensheim engineers  Behind Renewables and maybe nuclear energy CHP will play the most important CO 2 reduction role  CHP share will grow in all countries  Each country will have unique CHP solutions regarding domestic fuels, industry structure, climate  Large CHP will participate in development of large units where possible  Decentralisation will increase Conclusions

21. Status:9.10.2008 Karsten Brinkmann PowerMex-CHP_CO2 bensheim engineers www.bensheim-engineers.de Thank you very much for your attention