1. Key ideas, themes, events, people
Global Review
Key ideas, themes, events, people

2. Geography - Terms Archipelago Irregular Coastline Regular Coastline
Japan, a chain of islands
Irregular Coastline
Rigid, harbors, Great Britain
Regular Coastline
Steppe - Africa
Desert
Gobi, Sahara
Strait
A narrow water passage

3. World Map

4. Traditional Economy Hunting and gathering Subsistence agriculture
Barter system

5. Pre-History – the time before people invented writing
Paleolithic Era
Nomads
Move from place to place
Hunters and gatherers
Spiritual Beliefs

6. Neolithic Revolution New ways of farming
Stay in one place, no more nomads
No more hunting and gathering
Established villages
More reliable food supplies

7. Regents Question
Letting some farmland remain unplanted as a means of increasing food production is most closely associated with
(1) modern irrigation methods
(2) the three-field system
(3) the enclosure movement
(4) slash-and-burn agriculture

8. Rise of Civilization Cities Central Governments Traditional economy
Social Classes
System of Writing
Organized Religion
Specialized jobs

9. Types of Sources Primary Sources Secondary Sources First-hand account
Diaries
Journals
Autobiography
Secondary Sources
Encyclopedia
Book
A friend of a friend told me …

10. River Valley Civilization
Four: Nile, Tigris & Euphrates, Yellow (Huang He), Indus
Why Settle Here?
Fertile soil
Irrigation
Flooding
Transportation

11. River Valleys India Fertile Crescent Cities – Harappa and Mohenjo-daro
Indus River
Farmers
Monsoons
Good for watering crops
Bad when they flooded
Fertile Crescent
Mesopotamia
Tigris and Euphrates
Great soil
Sumerians, Assyrians
Cuneiform – cone writing

12. Ancient China
Yellow River (loess made it yellow, also called River of Sorrows)
Dynasties, Mandate of Heaven
Silk Road: trade route to Middle East
Ethnocentric/Middle Kingdom
Geographically China was surrounded by barriers (Himalayas, coastline, desert)
Thought they were the center of the world

13. Egypt Nile River Pyramids Pharaohs Mummies Hieroglyphics
Polytheistic – many gods
Social Classes

14. Greece City States Formed due to geography
Athens (democracy, Pericles) and Sparta (military, physical fitness)
Polytheistic
Olympics, Homer, direct democracy, Pericles
Alexander the Great and the Hellenistic Civilization

15. Rome Law of 12 Tables – legal Roads and trade networks
Architecture (pillars, stone, grandious)
Julius Caesar
Plebians vs Patricians

16. Codes of Law/Rules of Behavior
Law of 12 Tables
Justinian Code
Hammurabi’s Code
10 Commandments
** Introduce legal system**
**Provide rules of conduct**

17. Monotheistic Religion
Islam – Koran, 5 pillars, Mecca, Muhammad is the prophet, Allah is the God
Christianity – 10 commandments, God, the Bible
Judaism – the Torah
*** All believe in one God and teach an ethical code of conduct***

18. Other Belief Systems Shintoism – Japan Daoism/Taoism - China
Animism – Africa
**Relate to nature, harmony with nature**

19. Hinduism India, South Asia Ahimsa – non-violence
Dharma, karma, reincarnation
Caste System – born into your class; untouchables at bottom, brahmins are at the top
Gandhi was a Hindu, practiced non-violence

20. Confucianism Confucius The Analects
Filial piety – respect for your elders
Five Relationships
Father to son, Husband to wife, Ruler to subject, friend to friend, older brother to younger brother
**Provide order in your life**

21. Buddhism Siddartha Guatama: Buddha “The Enlightened One”
Four Noble Truths (life is full of suffering, caused by desire, eliminate desire, follow the eightfold path)
People should follow the
Eightfold path to overcome desires

22. Ibn Battuta and Marco Polo
Both recorded their travels throughout the world
Historical records are used as primary sources
Sometimes they throw in Mansa Musa (from Mali in Africa) and Zheng He from China as a traveler

23. Golden Ages Tang Dynasty from China Guptas (Maurya) from India
Mali empire from Africa
Islamic – math and science

24. Byzantine Empire Had the greatest influence on early Russian history
Cyrillic alphabet
Preservation of Greek and Roman culture
Justinian – code of laws

25. Mongols Genghis Khan Barbaric, tough Superior military skills
“Don’t Mess With the Mongols”
Areas conquered India (Mughul), China (Yuan Dynasty)

26. Medievel Europe/Middle Ages
Roman empire collapses
Charlemagne – Franks, light in the dark ages
Strict social structure (Kings, Lords, Knights, Peasants)
Feudalism
Chivalry
Manorialism – an economic system structured around a lord’s manor
Roman Catholic Church becomes the stabilizing force in Europe

27. Crusades Holy Wars between Muslims and Christians
Popes become more powerful
Feudal kings become more powerful
Increased trade between the Middle East and Europe, European economy expands
Sought to recover holy land – Palestine
Does this still go on today????

28. Regents Question
. . . For many in the contemporary Arab world, the Crusades are viewed as having begun nearly a millennium of conflict with what would become the West. The Crusades are seen as representing the constant threat of Western encroachment [trespassing]. But many scholars say that is a more recent and inaccurate view of the Crusades — Mike Shuster, reporter, NPR
The Medieval Crusades were taken and then turned into something that they never really were in the first place. They were turned into a kind of a proto-imperialism, an attempt to bring the fruits of European civilization to the Middle East, when, in fact, during the Middle Ages the great sophisticated and wealthy power was the Muslim world. Europe was the Third World — Thomas Madden, St. Louis University, History of relations between the West and Middle East, NPR, All Things Considered, August 17, 2004
These statements indicate that the history of the Crusades
(1) has been neglected by experts
(2) was of little importance
(3) is the subject of debate and interpretation
(4) illustrates the importance of tolerance and understanding

29. Commercial Revolution
Introduction of banking
Letters of credit
Insurance
Joint stock companies
Guilds
Trading towns develop along waterway

30. Regents Question
Which revolution led to the concept of banking, the creation of guilds, and the development of capitalism in Europe?
(1) Commercial (3) Scientific
(2) Agricultural (4) Industrial

31. Renaissance Began in Florence, Italy; wealth and support was here
New ways of thinking, intellectual, creativity
A “rebirth” or “revival”
Questioning the old ways
Michelangelo, Leonardo daVinci, Shakespeare
Individualism, humanism
Machiavelli “The Prince” – the end justifies the means

32. Protestant Reformation
Protesting indulgences, and acts of the Catholic Church
Luther and 95 Thesis
Calvin and predestination
Henry VIII – signed the
Act of Supremacy and
created the Church of England

33. Scientific Revolution
Heliocentric Model (sun is center)
Descartes
Question the old ways
Gutenberg – printing press, printed the Bible, ideas spread and literacy increased
Galileo – trial with the church

34. Rise of Monarchs/Nation-States
England and France
Kings increase their power
Common law
Magna Carta – put limits on King’s power
Parliament
Divine Right

35. African Kingdoms Savanna – grassy plain Desert – Sahara
Traditional Society
Ghana – gold and salt trade
Mali – Mansa Musa, converted to Muslim
Songhai

36. Age of Exploration
Portugal and Spain look for new routes for exploration
Reconquista – Christians recapture Spain from the Muslims
Columbus
Conquistadors – Spanish conquerors

37. Regents Question The encomienda system in colonial Latin
America led to the
(1) use of forced labor
(2) establishment of trade unions
(3) increase in landownership by Native Americans
(4) weakening of the power of peninsulares

38. Triangular Trade Middle Passage Slave Trade
Europe to Africa to America
Columbian Exchange – exchange of people, plants, and crops
Mercantilism – economic system where you export more than you import

40. Absolutism-Russian Rulers
Peter the Great – westernize Russia, studied in Europe, create a window to the west (St. Petersburg)
Catherine the Great – continue to westernize Russia, search for a warm water port for trade

41. Absolutism - England Stuart Monarchs – James I Puritan Revolution
Glorious Revolution

42. Enlightenment Era Focus of rights of men Equality Natural Law
Hobbes, Montesquie, Locke, Rousseau, Voltaire
New philosophies

43. French Revolution Causes Kings controlled people’s basic rights
Three Estates – Social inequalities
Economic injustices
Enlightenment
English and American Revolution

44. French Revolution - Stages
National Assembly
Storming the Bastille
Reign of Terror (Robespierre)
Napoleon
Napoleonic Code
Coup d’etat

45. French Revolution Effects Ideas of liberty, equality and fraternity
Ideas of Nationalism
Will influence further revolution

46. Congress of Vienna Maintain a balance of power in Europe
Go back to the way things were
To prevent France from going to war again

47. Other Nationalist Movements
Greece
Poland
Belgium
Latin America
Unification of Germany and Italy

48. Unification of Germany and Italy
Otto von Bismarck
Loyalty to Prussian contact
“Blood and Iron”
Italy
Cavour
Mazzini
Garibaldi

49. Industrial Revolution
Causes
Britain had an abundance of natural resources
Growth in population
Money for investment
Improved technology
Agrarian revolution

50. Regents Question
Increased agricultural production in England in the late 1700s contributed directly to
(1) the development of a worldwide communications network
(2) the introduction of manorialism
(3) a decrease in the power of the monarch
(4) an increase in life expectancy

51. Effects of the Industrial Revolution
Adam Smith “The Wealth of Nations”
Laissez-faire – no more government interference
Rise of big business
Improved working and living conditions
New political and economic philosophies
Liberals, conservatives, social darwinism, socialism
Karl Marx – “workers of the world unite”

52. Japan and Meiji Restoration
Westernization
Borrow ideas from the west
Zaibatsu – powerful banking families (Fuji)
Commodore Matthew Perry

53. Regents Question
The annexation of Korea and Japan’s invasion of Manchuria were attempts by Japan to
(1) spread Shinto beliefs
(2) protect human rights
(3) acquire natural resources
(4) establish theocratic governments

54. New Imperialism ( )
Imperialism – the domination or takeover of a smaller, weaker nation by a larget, more powerful nation
Causes
Nationalism
Social Darwinism
Economic Motives
Missionaries
White Man’s Burden – duty to educate the less developed

55. Imperialism India Africa British East India Company British Control
Sepoy Mutiny
New roads, irrigation, better education
Will influence independence movement of Gandhi
Africa
Scramble for Africa
European powers break Africa into their own sections
Berlin Conference
Boer War

57. Imperialism - China Opium War Taiping Rebellion Boxer Rebellion
***colonies, protectorate, sphere of influence***

58. World War I M militarism A alliances I imperialism N nationalism
Assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand

59. WWI Central Powers Allied Powers Trench warfare Mustard gas
Germany
Austria-Hungary
Ottoman Empire
Allied Powers
Britain
France US
Trench warfare
Mustard gas
Tanks, machine guns
Total War
propaganda

60. Regents Question Nicholas II Telegram to Wilhelm II
July 29, 1914, 1:00 A.M.
Am glad you are back. In this most serious moment, I appeal to you to help me. An ignoble [despised] war has been declared upon a weak country [Serbia]. The indignation [resentment] in Russia, shared fully by me, is enormous. I foresee that very soon I shall be overwhelmed by the pressure upon me, and be forced to take extreme measures which will lead to war. To try and avoid such a calamity [disaster] as a European war, I beg you in the name of our old friendship to do what you can tostop your allies from going too far.
— Nicky

61. Regents Question Which conclusion is best supported by this telegram?
(1) Russia started to mobilize for war against Serbia.
(2) Nicholas II condemned the efforts of Wilhelm II.
(3) Russia supported the use of extreme
measures.
(4) Nicholas II hoped diplomacy would prevent
war.

62. Regents Question
Which war is most closely associated with the telegram Nicholas II sent to Wilhelm II?
(1) the Franco-Prussian War
(2) the Russo-Japanese War
(3) World War I
(4) World War II

63. Revolution in Russia Romanov family – live life of luxury
Peasants starve, unrest
Revolution of 1905, Bloody Sunday
Peaceful march turns deadly
Revolution 1917
Bolsheviks overthrow and execute family
Lenin rises to power

64. Russian Rulers/Dictators
Lenin
Create a classless society
New Economic Policy
Allows a little private industry
Standard of living rises
Red Army
Communist Party
USSR
Stalin
Totalitarian rule
Command economy
Five year plan
Increase industry
Not successful
Collectives – failed, peasants burn farms
Everything was turned over to the government
Purges/Show Trials

65. Treaty of Versailles Germany is punished for WWI
Hand over territory (Alsace-Lorraine)
Reduce the size of the army
War guilt
Austria-Hungary split
Formed the League of Nations

66. Regents Question “This will make your forget the peace terms.”

67. Regents Question
This cartoonist is referring to the way Germany was affected in 1919 by
(1) the Congress of Vienna
(2) its defeat of Napoleon
(3) the Treaty of Versailles
(4) its defeat in World War II

68. Regents Question
This 1919 cartoon suggests that Germany may come under the influence of
(1) moderates (3) radicals
(2) conservatives (4) isolationists

69. Fascism Mussolini – Italy
Rule by dictator, blind loyalty to leader, strict discipline, strong military, violence, nationalism
Hitler – Germany
Rise to power during weak government, appealed to the people, poor economy
Holocaust

70. Regents Question
One similarity between Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini is that both
(1) led fascist states
(2) supported communism
(3) rejected militarism
(4) remained in power after World War II

71. World War II MAIN causes
Appeasement – British give in a little to avoid war
Turning Points
Entry of US
Invasion of Italy
Invasion of Normandy

72. WWII Yalta Conference Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Technology – improved submarines, sonar, improved aircraft, machine guns, deadly bombs
United Nations created in 1945

73. Cold War
Growing tensions between the Communists (USSR) and non-Communists (USA)
After WWII each superpower had different ideas for the world
Arms race
“Iron Curtain”
Truman Doctrine
Marshall Plan
NATO vs Warsaw Pact
Hot Spots
Vietnam
Korean War
Iran and Iraq
Cuban Missile Crisis

74. Middle East Arab Israeli Conflict Fight for a homeland
Muslims vs Christians
Iranian Hostage Crisis
Persian Gulf War(s)
Who were the players? What are these wars all about?

75. Collapse of Soviet Union
Economic problems
Mikhail Gorbachev
Perestroika
Glasnost
More western ideas
Fall of Berlin Wall
Lech Walesa (Solidarity) Poland

76. Regents Question What has the end of communism in the Soviet
Union caused many countries in Eastern Europe
to do?
(1) shift to a command economy
(2) maintain a communist form of government
(3) pursue free-market economic policies
(4) join the Warsaw Pact

77. India Imperialism – controlled by British
Gandhi – independence movement
Civil disobedience
Nonviolence
Cottage industries
Salt March
1947: Partitioned into India (Hindu) and Pakistan (Muslim)

78. India Today
Biggest problem today is overpopulation
Kashmir

79. Modern Africa Pan-Africanism – unity of Africans Kenya – Jomo Kenyatta
1948 – Apartheid – separation of races, segregation
Mandela – president in 1994
Desmond Tutu

80. Modern China 1911 – Sun Yat-sen Mao Zedong – Communist leader
Long March
Great Leap Forward
Cultural Revolution
Deng Xiaoping
Four Modernizations
Encourages trade with the West

81. More China Tiananmen Square Massacre Hong Kong 1842 – British control
Student protest
Demand more rights and freedoms
1000s killed and wounded by Chinese government
Hong Kong
1842 – British control
Modern and $$$$
1997 Hong Kong returned to the Chinese
Will keep the same social and economic system

82. Human Rights Issues
Balkans – ethnic cleansing of ethnic Albanians by Serbs (Slobodan Milosevic)
Rwanda
Cambodia – Pol Pot and the Khmer Rouge
Tiananmen Square
Holocaust – Nazis, Germany during WWII
Prison and concentration camps, anti-Semitic

83. Global Themes Change Turning Points Belief Systems
Geography and the Environment
Economic Systems
Political Systems
Nationalism
Imperialism
Human Rights
Movement of People and Goods

84. “Change/Revolution” Neolithic Revolution Industrial Revolution
Chinese Communist Revolution
Crusades
Renaissance
Enlightenment
Protestant Reformation
Independence Movements (India, Africa)

85. Turning Points Fall of Constantinople Age of Exploration
French Revolution
Collapse of Soviet Union
Russian Revolution
Invention of Printing Press

86. Belief Systems Hinduism Buddhism Judaism Christianity Islam
Confucianism

87. Geography and the Environment
River Valley Civilizations
Chinese Influence on Japan
Development of city-states in Greece
Latin America
Early African Kingdoms

88. Economic Systems Traditional economy Manorialism/Feudalism
Mercantilism
Laissez-faire (Adam Smith)
Commercial Revolution

89. Political Systems Monarchy Totalitarianism Feudalism Democracy
Communism
Fascism

90. Golden Ages Guptas in India Romans Islamic Ghana and Mali in Africa
Renaissance in Europe

91. Nationalism German and Italian unification India Zionism Africa
Latin America
Balkans

92. Imperialism British in India Europeans in Africa
Japan in Korea and parts of China
Mongols

93. Date and Time Wednesday, August 12th 12:15 pm Cafeteria
Bring pens and pencils
NO CELL PHONES
If you have testing mods, you will be in a different room.

94. STUDY, STUDY, STUDY!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Make sure you answer ALL questions!
Answer all essays. Organization is key!
Get a good night’s sleep!