1. Ambient Air Quality Monitoring in Pakistan Dr
Ambient Air Quality Monitoring in Pakistan Dr. Murtaza Malik1, Irfan Saeed Alrai2, Dr. Azhar Mansur Khan3 and Shaukat Hayat4 1,2,3 NEAP-Support Program, Ministry of Environment, Pakistan 4 Institute of Environmental Engineering and Research, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan

2. Objective and Methodology
To review and assess the current state of ambient air quality monitoring in Pakistan
Desk study:
Studies conducted by various organizations between to were reviewed and analyzed.

3. Organizations Involved in Air Quality Monitoring
Institute of Public Health Engineering and Research (IPHER), now the Institute of Environmental Engineering and Research (IEER), Lahore.
Pakistan Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR)
SUPARCO
Federal and Provincial Environmental Protection Agencies.
Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission
National Energy Conservation Center (ENERCON)
Pakistan Met Dept
Other research organizations and consulting firms

4. Major Studies on Ambient Air Quality Monitoring in Pakistan
Lahore, Institute of Public Health and Engineering, Lahore (1992, 1993, 1997, 1999)
Urban Centers of Punjab – EPD Punjab (1997, 1998)
Karachi – PCSIR (1997), SUPARCO (1999)
NWFP – DHV (1994)
Peshawar – EPA (1995), IUCN (1996), GTZ (1999, 2000)
JICA and Pak EPA (2001, 2002, 2003)
SUPARCO ( )
ENERCON/SUPARCO – Six Cities Study (ongoing)

5. Studies on Ambient Air Quality Monitoring in Pakistan
Institute of Public Health and Engineering, Lahore conducted a study from June 1992 to October 1993 under the title "Physico-Chemical Characterization and Source Apportionment of Atmospheric Suspended Particulate Matter in Pakistan"
PM10 concentrations were measured in Lahore at city centre, an industrial site and a rural site.
Average concentrations averaged at three sites:
Suspended particulates (TSP): g/m3
Carbon monoxide : ,100 g/m3 ( ppm)
Sulphur dioxide: g/m3 ( ppb)
Nitrogen oxides: g/m3 ( ppb)

6. Results of Air Quality Monitoring Study in Lahore, Rawalpindi and Islamabad- (Pak EPA / JICA, 2001)
Average TSP: g/m3
Rawalpindi: 2235
Islamabad: 2308
Lahore:

7. Max Concentration of PM 10 in Six Big Cities
of Pakistan (SUPARCO)

8. Results of Air Quality Study in Faisalabad (Pak-EPA/ JICA) October 2003
PM10 Concentrations at different Sampling Points in Faisalabad (µg/m3)

9. Results of Air Quality Study in Faisalabad (Pak-EPA/ JICA) October 2003
PM10 Concentrations at different sites in Faisalabad

10. Results of Air Quality Study in Faisalabad (Pak-EPA/ JICA) October 2003
Carbon Monoxide (CO) Concentrations at different sampling points in Faisalabad (WHO = 35 ppm)

11. Results of Air Quality Study in Faisalabad (Pak-EPA/ JICA) October 2003
NOx Concentrations at different sampling points in Faisalabad (WHO = 110 ppb)

12. Results of Air Quality Study in Faisalabad (Pak-EPA/ JICA) October 2003
Ozone (O3) Concentrations at different sampling points in Faisalabad (WHO = 90 ppb)

13. Studies on Ambient Air Quality Monitoring in Pakistan
Most of the studies were based on random and short-term sampling surveys.
Do not report requisite information including:
Times of measurements
Frequency and number of observations
Details of sampling locations

14. Studies on Ambient Air Quality Monitoring in Pakistan
Data reported in these studies cannot be compared because of variation in methodologies used and sampling locations.
These data may not present a true picture of ambient air quality in Pakistan.
These data, however, present a general idea about the prevailing situation at specified locations in Pakistan.

15. Status on Ambient Air Quality Monitoring in Pakistan
The reported data reveal that:
Air quality in Pakistani cities is deteriorating.
Suspended particulate levels are generally high.
Ambient CO, O3, NOx, and SO2 concentrations are mostly within WHO air quality guidelines values.
CO and Nox concentrations at points under the influence of heavy traffic may sometime exceed the guideline values.
SO2 concentrations in the vicinity of the brick kilns are also high.

16. Issues
Regular long-term monitoring of ambient air quality is not done.
Non-existence of the ambient air quality standards
Lack of monitoring stations
Lack capacity to monitor air quality

17. The Way Forward
Pak EPA has developed a project titled “Establishment of Environmental Monitoring System in Pakistan”
Cost: Rs million (Grant for Government of Japan and funding from PSDP)
Implementation by Pak-EPA in collaboration with provincial EPAs

18. The Way Forward Major components, inter-alia, include:
Provision of 13 continuous air monitoring stations and 4 mobile laboratories in five cities (Karachi, Lahore, Peshawar, Quetta and Islamabad)
Up-gradation of analytical laboratories in five EPAs
Establishment of air surveillance center
Provision of necessary project staff training

19. Thank You