1. Georgia and the American Experience
Chapter 13:
Peace, Prosperity, and Peril
Study Presentation
Mr. Smith’s Classes

2. Georgia and the American Experience
Section 1: The 1980s
Section 2: The 1990s
Section 3: Terrorism at Home and Abroad
Section 4: Georgia in a New Century

3. Section 1: The 1980s ESSENTIAL QUESTION:
How did Georgia change during the 1980s?

4. Section 1: The 1980s What words do I need to know? telecommute email
Reaganomics
Quality Basic Education
Per capita income

5. 1980s The age of the personal computer
sending messages by computer
telecommute: work at home while keeping in touch with the office by computer
Schools began to purchase computers
Other technology: ATMs, FAX machines, cellular phones, Internet, scanners
More television channels added with
cable and satellite service

6. The End of the Cold War
Ronald Reagan: “Great Communicator” elected president – served
Reaganomics: “supply-side” economics, tax cuts, heavy defense spending, limited government, limited regulation on business
Reagan tough with USSR
By end of 1980s, Cold War ending
Mikhail Gorbachev: leader of USSR
1989: Berlin Wall came down
1991: Communist USSR
government collapsed

8. Georgia During the 1980s Governors
George Busbee: – foreign investment increased; expanded Department of Industry and Trade; expanded ports and highway system
Joe Frank Harris: – brought over 850,000 jobs; Georgia Dome; World Congress Center expansion
Educational Improvements
Full-day kindergarten; increased teachers’ salaries; testing of teachers; QBE (Quality Basic Education) standard curriculum
Georgia Gets a New Constitution
Adopted 1982 after 5 years work to shorten it

9. The Two-Georgia Debate Continues
Population of Georgia grew in 1980s
People moved to Georgia for mild climate, low taxes, low fuel costs, land, and non-union workers
Georgia now one of the fastest growing states
Two Georgias:
Atlanta: fast growing and prosperous, generating most taxes, expanding business
Rural: declining population, more poverty, higher unemployment, young people moved to urban areas
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10. Where are GA’s highest concentrations of population located?

11. Atlanta 519, ,000 Augusta 193, ,000 Columbus 187, ,000 Savannah 125, ,000 Athens 111, ,000

12. Section 2: The 1990s ESSENTIAL QUESTION:
How did Georgia change economically and politically in the 1990s?

13. SS8H12 The student will explain the importance of significant social, economic, and political developments in Georgia since 1970.
b. Describe the role of Jimmy Carter in Georgia as state senator, governor, president, and past president.
d. Evaluate the effect of the 1996 Olympic Games on Georgia.
e. Evaluate the importance of new immigrant communities to the growth and economy of Georgia.
Geography
SS8G2 The student will explain how the Interstate Highway System, Hartsfield-Jackson International Airport, and Georgia’s deepwater ports help drive the state’s economy.
a. Explain how the three transportation systems interact to provide domestic and international goods to the people of Georgia.
b. Explain how the three transportation systems interact to provide producers and service providers in Georgia with national and international markets.
c. Explain how the three transportation systems provide jobs for Georgians.

14. Section 2: The 1990s What words do I need to know? downsizing
bankruptcy
HOPE scholarship program
infrastructure

15. The 1990s
recession: economic slowdown; decreased demand for products and services, increased unemployment, decreased wages
downsizing: companies’ reaction to recession – laying off workers to cut costs
When workers don’t have jobs, they don’t spend money, causing greater recession
Many Georgians filed for bankruptcy protection because they had borrowed more money on credit than they could pay back

18. The Persian Gulf War
August 1990: Iraq (led by Saddam Hussein) invaded Kuwait
President George Herbert Walker Bush joined Operation Desert Shield and later Desert Storm to free Kuwait from Saddam Hussein
January 16, 1991: US and allies began bombing Iraq
March 3, 1991: Iraq accepts terms of cease fire and begins to leave Kuwait
Ecological disaster left behind: oil fires, 10 million gallons of oil dumped in Persian Gulf

20. Political Changes in a Conservative South
Conservative voters elected conservative Democrats and Republicans
In 1980, Mack Mattingly was first Republican US Senator since Reconstruction – by 1992, most were Republicans
Cynthia McKinney: Democrat, first black woman elected from Georgia to Congress
John Lewis: Democrat, civil rights leader, senior member of Georgia’s congressional delegation

22. Political Changes in a Conservative South
Newt Gingrich: Republican, became Speaker of the US House in 1994, “Contract with America” promised to reduce size of government, resigned in 1998 after poor election results for Republicans
Sam Nunn: Democrat, served as US Senator , expert on military affairs
Zell Miller: Democrat, Lt. Governor then Governor ( ), known for educational improvements, “boot-camp” style prisons, state lottery for education – pre-Kindergarten, HOPE scholarships, promoted growth in North Georgia, became US Senator from Georgia

23. Georgia Hosts the Olympics
Summer 1996: Atlanta hosted XXVI Olympiad
10,000 athletes from 197 countries
90,000 volunteers in Atlanta and other Georgia cities and locations
Brought international attention to the city and state
July 29, 1996: Bomb in Olympic Park killed one visitor and injured 117
Traffic problems brought much criticism
Too many street vendors and commercialism were other concerns
“Southern hospitality” and athletic competition were noteworthy

24. Where is this monument located?

25. Section 3: Terrorism at Home and Abroad
ESSENTIAL QUESTION
How did the acts of terrorists change Georgia?

26. SS8H12 The student will explain the importance of significant social, economic, and political developments in Georgia since 1970.
b. Describe the role of Jimmy Carter in Georgia as state senator, governor, president, and past president.
d. Evaluate the effect of the 1996 Olympic Games on Georgia.
e. Evaluate the importance of new immigrant communities to the growth and economy of Georgia.
Geography
SS8G2 The student will explain how the Interstate Highway System, Hartsfield-Jackson International Airport, and Georgia’s deepwater ports help drive the state’s economy.
a. Explain how the three transportation systems interact to provide domestic and international goods to the people of Georgia.
b. Explain how the three transportation systems interact to provide producers and service providers in Georgia with national and international markets.
c. Explain how the three transportation systems provide jobs for Georgians.

27. Terrorism at Home and Abroad
terrorism: acts of violence aimed at demoralizing or intimidating others
1993: bomb at World Trade Center garage in New York City
1995: Oklahoma City Murrah Federal Building – car bomb kills 168 people
1998: US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania bombed killing hundreds, injuring thousands – attacks linked to al-Qaeda
al-Qaeda: Islamic terrorist group led by Osama bin Laden – wealthy Saudi Arabian terrorist
2000: USS Cole attacked
2001: George W. Bush becomes president

28. Damage from the first terrorist attack on the World Trade Center, Feb

29. Oklahoma City bombing

30. Damage sustained by the USS Cole in terrorist attack.

31. Bringing the Cole home for repair.

33. “The Day That Changed America”
September 11, 2001: Islamic terrorists hijack US passenger planes and crash them into the World Trade Center and Pentagon
One additional plane (United flight 93) was re-taken by passengers but crashed in Pennsylvania
WTC towers collapse killing 2,774

35. 9/11 mastermind Osama bin Laden and the hijackers.

36. Operation Enduring Freedom
al-Qaeda linked to the September 11 attacks – based in Afghanistan
October 2001: Operation Enduring Freedom – US and other nations’ troops invade Afghanistan to destroy al-Qaeda camps and destroy Taliban government
Osama bin Laden escaped
Department of Homeland Security created to work to protect Americans at home

37. After ten years of hiding, Osama bin Laden was killed by members of a Navy Seals team on May 5, 2011.

38. Operation Iraqi Freedom
Saddam Hussein in Iraq continued to violate UN resolutions regarding weapons of mass destruction and inspections
March 19, 2003: US and coalition forces attack Iraq – combat phase over by May
US troops continued to work in Iraq for over two years
Saddam Hussein captured
Weapons of mass destruction were not found

39. A Touch of Home
Officers in Iraq told not to raise the US flag since the Iraqis were not defeated – only their dictator defeated
April 2003 – Georgia troops in Iraq make the news raising flag of the University of Georgia Bulldogs!

40. Section 4: Georgia in a New Century
ESSENTIAL QUESTION
What important issues face Georgians in the 21st century?

41. SS8H12 The student will explain the importance of significant social, economic, and political developments in Georgia since 1970.
b. Describe the role of Jimmy Carter in Georgia as state senator, governor, president, and past president.
d. Evaluate the effect of the 1996 Olympic Games on Georgia.
e. Evaluate the importance of new immigrant communities to the growth and economy of Georgia.
Geography
SS8G2 The student will explain how the Interstate Highway System, Hartsfield-Jackson International Airport, and Georgia’s deepwater ports help drive the state’s economy.
a. Explain how the three transportation systems interact to provide domestic and international goods to the people of Georgia.
b. Explain how the three transportation systems interact to provide producers and service providers in Georgia with national and international markets.
c. Explain how the three transportation systems provide jobs for Georgians.

42. Section 4: Georgia in a New Century
What words do I need to know?
Georgia Regional Transportation Authority

43. Roy E. Barnes 1999: Roy Barnes, Democrat, becomes governor
Served 24 years in legislature
Costliest campaign for governor in GA history
Worked to change the state flag, reform education, and build transportation projects such as the Northern Arc

44. The State Flag Issue
1956: Georgia flag changed to incorporate the St. Andrew’s cross, a Confederate battle emblem
Some African Americans were offended as were some modern leaders – concerned the flag focused on slavery and the past
Governor Barnes led effort to have flag changed
New flag approved in 2001 but was unpopular
The flag controversy was one factor in Barnes losing his re-election bid for governor
2003: Governor Sonny Purdue signed bill creating new Georgia flag

45. Many Georgians were angered by Barnes’s decision to change the state flag. The tourism industry played a major role in the change of Georgia’s flag.

46. Highway Issues
Pollution and traffic congestion in Atlanta were problems
Georgia Regional Transportation Authority (GRTA) created by Gov. Barnes to address traffic problems
Auto pollution (emissions) were reduced
Plans for 59-mile Northern Arc north of Atlanta were put on hold by Gov. Barnes and abandoned by Gov. Purdue

47. Education Reform
Barnes began reduction of class sizes in lower grades, a building and renovation program for schools, and addition of school nurses
Student achievement did not improve greatly
Barnes was not re-elected and many of his reforms did not continue

48. Georgia Elects Republican Governor
Sonny Purdue, Republican, elected in 2002
First Republican governor in Georgia in 130 years
Georgia legislature had Democratic majority until 2004
Georgians elected Republicans to the US Senate and most of US House of Representatives
Voters gave Georgia a two-party system

49. Challenges for the Future
Three main challenges:
water resources
differences between urban and rural Georgia
tremendous population growth
Alabama, Florida and US government have demanded Georgia reduce water use and pollution; Tennessee wants Georgia to reduce use of water from the Tennessee River
Difficult to fund services such as schools in rural areas
8 million people live in Georgia – large increase puts demands on environment
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