Download presentation
Presentation is loading. Please wait.
Published byEverett Chase Modified over 8 years ago
1
Read the Introduction to Chapter 1, and Sections 1.8 and 1.9 of the textbook before viewing this slide show.
2
Unit 3 Matter and Its Transformations What is chemistry? (Introduction to Chapter 1) Physical and chemical properties (1.8) Physical and chemical changes (1.8) Classification of matter (1.9)
3
What is Chemistry? (Intro to Chapter 1) Matter – anything that occupies space and has a mass (1.8) Chemistry – the study of matter and its transformations (Introduction to Chapter 1)
4
Physical and Chemical Properties (1.8) Physical property – a physical characteristic or behavior of the material –Examples: boiling point, hardness, color Chemical property – describes how the material reacts with (or doesn’t) with other types of matter –Examples: iron rusts in moist air, hydrogen and oxygen react violently to form water, neon does not react with much of anything
5
Physical and Chemical Changes (1.8) Physical change – a change in the appearance of a substance without changing its chemical identity or composition –Examples: melting ice, cutting a piece of wood in half Chemical change – a change in the chemical identity of matter into other substances that are different –Examples: hydrogen and oxygen react to form water, a piece of iron rusts
6
Classification of Matter (1.9) With over 18 million characterized compounds, categorization is important to provide a framework for study This initial classification system provides a good starting point As you might imagine, there are subclassifications under many of these basic groupings
7
States of Matter (1.9) Three common states of matter (plus a bonus): –Gas – takes shape of container, flows easily, compressible –Liquid – takes shape of container but with a flat top, flows easily, not very compressible –Solid – retains shape, does not flow appreciably, not very compressible –(A bonus state: plasma – a stream of charged particles – this is the stuff of plasma TV)
8
Particle Level Description of States of Matter Gas: Particles “far” apart Particles moving rapidly Liquid: Particles “close” together Particles moving slowly Particles more ordered than gas, but not as much as solid Solid: Particles “close” together Particles vibrating but not changing location Particles very ordered Images are screen shots from States of Matter simulation PhET Interactive Simulations University of Colorado http://phet.colorado.edu http://phet.colorado.edu Notice that as the temperature decreases the particles get closer together and move more slowly
9
Pure Substances and Compounds (1.9) Pure substance – has a definite fixed composition that does not vary from one sample to another –Examples: pure copper, pure water Mixture – variable composition that can be different from one sample to another –Examples: salt water, air, sand and water mixed together
10
Further Classification of Pure Substances Pure substances can further be categorized as: –Elements – substances which cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means –Compounds – chemical combination of two or more elements
11
Periodic table from common.wikimedia.orgcommon.wikimedia.org Periodic Table – the elements A sample periodic table - if it’s a known element it is on here. Compounds are chemical combinations of multiple elements. A large portion of our course will be involved with studying the periodic chart.
12
Further Classification of Mixtures Mixtures can further be categorized as: –Homogeneous – all parts of the mixture have the same composition and appearance Examples: sugar dissolved in water, air, a “pinch” of salt dissolved in water –Heterogeneous – appearance is not the same throughout Examples: sand in water, oil in water
13
Summary of Classification of Matter Matter Pure Substances ElementsCompoundsMixtures Homogeneous Mixtures Heterogeneous Mixtures
Similar presentations
© 2024 SlidePlayer.com Inc.
All rights reserved.