1. World history Chapter 5
Ancient Greece

2. Section 1 The Early Civilizations of Greece
20 minute video about Greece

4. The Geography of Greece
Was a key factor in the development
mountainous region of southeastern Europe
Isolated the Greek people
Numerous islands

5. The Land, the Climate, and the Sea
No great rivers---Little rainfall
Dry, rocky soil
grew barley, grapes, and olives
raised pigs, sheep, goats, and chickens
Food was scarce

6. The Sea Most people lived within 40 miles of the sea
Built great harbors
became sailors, fishers, & traders
– sent olive oil, wine, wool, and marble for grain and metals

7. Early Greek Communities
people separated by water and mountains & developed different communities
WESTERN CIVILIZATION: civilization that developed in Europe & spread to the Americas

8. The Minoan Civilization
Developed on the island Crete
In the Aegean Sea
No written record
MONARCHY: government with a single ruler, such as a king, queen, or pharaoh

9. The Palace of Knossos
built of stone around central courtyard; used for royal family, worship, storerooms (for tax payments), workshops, large bathrooms, & plumbing system
Art was important in Minoan culture (frescoes)

10. Peaceful Sea Traders interested in trade, not war & conquest
influenced Greek-speaking Mycenaean's
culture mysteriously vanished around 1600bc
Volcanic eruption ?

11. The Mycenaean's Grow Powerful
First Greeks to leave written records
Dominated the mainland
Ruled by Kings
Conquered Knossos
Leader of the Aegean Sea

12. Mycenaean Palaces and Sea Traders
thick walls, great hall, frescoes
Trade
pottery & metalwork with Asia Minor, Syria, Palestine, Egypt, Mesopotamia, and Sicily

13. The Trojan War Mycenaeans & other Greeks vs. Troy (on Asia Minor)
Trojan prince Paris kidnapped sister-in-law of Mycenaean king, Helen
1250bc

14. The Decline of Mycenae and the Age of Homer
At Home and Abroad
1100bc Mycenaeans disappear; writing & trade stop
Many Greeks left for Asia Minor, Sicily, & Southern Italy, spread culture
They took with them their culture and ideas

15. The Iliad and the Odyssey
long, epic, narrative poems by Greek poet Homer
lliad
Last few days of the Trojan Wars
Odyssey
The story of the long journey home of Odysseus
The Greek hero of the war

16. Greek Religion gods had human feelings & form
marble temples to honor gods & goddesses
People needed to please the Gods
Zeus – king of the gods;
Athena – goddess of wisdom
Live on Mt Olympus

17. Greek City-States Rise to Power
Section 2
Greek City-States Rise to Power

18. City state develop 800B.C. first Greek large political units formed
Called Polis—city-state
Completed against each other for control of land and trade

19. The Foundations of the City-States
ACROPOLIS: highest part of a Greek city-state with fortress & temple
Agora: marketplace with farmers & shopkeepers, people discussed politics & conducted business
All city-states shared common language & adapted Phoenician alphabet in 750bc; shared common religion & culture; Olympic

20. Citizenship Only free males Proud and loyal to their city-state
Willing to give up their lives for their polis

21. Governments of the City-States
most city-states began as monarchies protected by citizen-soldiers
soldiers wore helmets, armor, & round shields
ARISTOCRACY: government in which the upper class, or a privileged few, rule
OLIGARCHY: government in which only a few powerful people rule, “rule of the few”
800bc tools became cheaper & more available as they were made of iron; Athens & Sparta gained power

22. Sparta Becomes a Military State a Spartan life = “a life with few luxuries”
A Society of Soldiers- boys sent to train at age 7 until 30
600’s B.C. first Greek constitution
governed by 2 military kings,
28-member council of elders (over age 60) (chose issues)
lawmaking assembly voted on laws made up of all free adult males over 30 with 5 overseers
Conquered people were helots, or slaves, who farmed the land

23. Women of Sparta
had more rights than other Greeks women; inherited land
girls received physical training & some education
Learned to run, wrestle, throw a javelin,

24. Athenians and Their Right to Govern
Government Reforms and Limited Democracy
800bc-700bc Athens grew quickly
TYRANTS: leader who gains power by forces; later, a leader who rules ruthlessly
500 chosen men made up the council LEGISLATURE: lawmaking body in government

25. Slaves & women had no power in government
Continued….
DEMOCRACY: government that gives its citizens the ruling power, “power from the people”
Slaves & women had no power in government

26. Education in Athens
boys learned reading, writing, math, music, athletics, & speaking
only wealthy citizens were educated due to cost
Athenians generally more educated than other Greeks

27. Greek Unity in the Persian Wars
Events in the Persian Wars
400’s B.C. Greeks joined together against Persia
499BC Greeks in Asia Minor rebelled against Persian rule
Athens & Sparta joined to beat Persians & end Persian Wars

28. The End of the Persian Wars
ALLIANCE: agreement between 2 or more people, groups, & nations to cooperate with one another
Delian League: formed 478bc between 140 Greek city-states that had fought in Persian Wars; lead by Athenians
Peloponnesian League: formed by Sparta

29. Section 3 The Golden Age of Athens

30. The Age of Pericles Athens becomes the richest, most powerful city-state
Expanding Democracy
TRIBUTE: payment given by one nation to another more powerful nation; may be paid in exchange for protection; Athens demanded tribute from members of the Delian League
Classical Age: 480bc-323bc when Athenian art, politics, & literature flourished (refers to order, balance, & harmony)
DIRECT DEMOCRACY: government in which citizens take part directly rather than through representatives; belief of Pericles
JURY: group of people that considers the evidence in a trial & makes a judgment

31. Culture in the Golden Age
Architecture and Art
public buildings, like temples were large, homes were small
most art was on practical pottery
450bc natural, fluid style of art developed with idealized forms

32. Poetry, Drama, and History
Earliest literature:
poetry – poets include Homer, Sappho
Greek Drama:
tragedies dealt with suffering & misery
Comedies:
poked fun at leaders & their politics
Women weren’t allowed to be actors;
female parts played by men

33. Three Great Thinker Philosopher- “lover of wisdom”
Socrates, Plato, Aristotle;
asked what it means to lead a good life
Socrates
taught by going to the agora & asking questions
Was arrested & sentences in death in 399bc

34. Plato, Socrates’ student, wrote about Socrates’ life, the ideal state, the ideal society, the nature of goodness and friendship, and the idea of truth; founded school The Academy 387bc
Aristotle, Plato’s student, went to Macedonia to tutor Alexander the Great, went to Athens & set up school, Lyceum, taught to learn by observation, book Politics he praised the middle class

35. The Peloponnesian War: Plague and Starvation
began in 412B.C. between Greek city-states, Athens & Sparta
404bc Athens was starved & surrendered to Spartan
Aftermath
Sparta won Peloponnesian War
Athenian democracy lost energy & corruption grew; unity was lost

36. Section 4 Alexander builds a great empire

38. The Rise of Macedonia Philip II Gains Control
404BC city-states continued to fight
359BC Philip II became king of Macedonia & looked to Greece
Philip defeated Greek city-states of Athens & Thebes
his son Alexander defeated the Sacred Band of 300 Theban soldiers

39. Alexander Takes the Throne
Philip wanted to unit Macedonia & Greece then defeat Persia
ASSASSINATION: murder of a leader for political reason
Philip was assassinated & his son Alexander became king at 20

40. Alexander Builds an Empire
334bc Alexander leads army to attack Persia in Asia Minor
Alexander is considered one of the greatest military leaders of ancient times
They never lost a battle
331BC established Alexandria on northern coast of Egypt
Army made it 11,000 miles into India before stopping

41. Death and Division
323bc Alexander died at 33 from an infection or fever
Empire was left “to the strongest;” it was divided into 3 kingdoms
Richest & most powerful, Egypt, went to A Macedonian General Ptolemy I

42. Hellenistic Civilization The Economy and the Growth of cities
Hellenistic Culture: blend of Greek, Egyptian, Persian, Indian and other influences – from 323BC-146BC
ASSIMILATION: process of absorbing or taking on the cultural ideas or customs of another group and combining them into an existing culture
the conquered people took on many Greek customs
Use of money increased
including real banks
Alexandra, Egypt became a busy port and center of education with the world’s largest library

43. Hellenistic Age ended when Greece was conquered by Rome
Left an important impact on the world and the future

44. The End