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Published byElijah Gilbert Modified over 9 years ago
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SEXUAL Reproduction TWO parents, offspring is genetically different from either parent - Adds variation to a species MEIOSIS – produce gametes that have half the number of chromosomes so that two parents can contribute to the offspring AND still maintain the chromosome number of that species!!! Gametes fuse during FERTILIZATION Fertilized egg-ZYGOTE-undergoes rapid mitosis and differentiation to become-> an EMBRYO
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HUMAN Reproduction and Development Have INTERNAL FERTILZATION Fully INTERNAL DEVELOPMENT, where the placenta and umbilical cord maintain the embryo inside the uterus After Nine Months (40 weeks) GESTATION – fert to birth The placenta is no longer efficient enough to maintain the fetus, so it’s time for her or him to get outta there !
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mitosis zygote Putting it all together… 23 46 egg sperm 46 meiosis 46 23 fertilization mitosis & development meiosis fertilization mitosis + development 46 gametes
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Fertilization
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Twins Identical – ONE sperm + ONE egg Cells split apart in EARLY stages of cleavage SAME DNA – MUST be SAME Gender Fraternal – TWO sperm + TWO eggs No more closely relate than any two siblings Can be girl/girl, boy/boy, OR boy/girl Different DNA
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Types of Cells Different cells have different structures/shape and therefore different functions because they make different proteins because they have different genes turned “ON”
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Placenta - Food & gases diffuse across blood vessels – with NO mixing of blood
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Birth/Labor – it’s hard work 1. Dilation – opening of cervix to 10 cm Usually the longest phase 2. Expulsion – pushing the baby out 3. Placental stage – placenta is expelled from the uterus; also called the “afterbirth” Must come out AFTER the baby
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HORMONES and the Ability to Reproduce Hormones direct the changes that occur during development and growth Begin maturing of egg and production of sperm at PUBERTY, usually in the early teens. Wanes (lessens) as humans age Females cease menstruation at MENOPAUSE, after age 50 Males continue to produce sperm throughout lifetime
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Sperm production Sperm delivered to female Male reproductive system seminiferous tubules
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Male reproductive system Testes & epididymis sperm production & maturation Glands seminal vesicles, prostate, bulbourethal produce seminal fluid nutrient-rich meiosis
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Male reproductive system Testicles - testes & epididymis produces sperm & hormones - testosterone Scrotum - 1-2 degrees cooler sac that holds testicles outside of body Epididymis where sperm mature Vas deferens - vasectomy vs. castration (neutering) tubes for sperm to travel from testes to penis Prostate, seminal vesicles, Cowper’s (bulbourethal) glands nutrient rich fluid to feed & protect sperm
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Female reproductive system womb - muscle fertilization implantation
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Female reproductive system (oviduct) womb Birth canal
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Female reproductive system Ovaries – follicle and corpus luteum produces eggs & hormones – estrogen & progesterone Uterus – womb – implantation occurs nurtures fetus; lining (endometrium) builds up each month Fallopian tubes - oviducts; fertilization occurs tubes for eggs to travel from ovaries to uterus Cervix opening to uterus, dilates 10 cm for birthing baby Vagina – sperm deposited birth canal for birthing baby
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